This document covers the configuration language as implemented in the version
specified above. It does not provide any hints, examples, or advice. For such
documentation, please refer to the Reference Manual or the Architecture Manual.
The summary below is meant to help you find sections by name and navigate
through the document.

Note to documentation contributors :
    This document is formatted with 80 columns per line, with even number of
    spaces for indentation and without tabs. Please follow these rules strictly
    so that it remains easily printable everywhere. If a line needs to be
    printed verbatim and does not fit, please end each line with a backslash
    ('\') and continue on next line, indented by two characters. It is also
    sometimes useful to prefix all output lines (logs, console outputs) with 3
    closing angle brackets ('>>>') in order to emphasize the difference between
    inputs and outputs when they may be ambiguous. If you add sections,
    please update the summary below for easier searching.

When HAProxy is running in HTTP mode, both the request and the response are
fully analyzed and indexed, thus it becomes possible to build matching criteria
on almost anything found in the contents.

However, it is important to understand how HTTP requests and responses are
formed, and how HAProxy decomposes them. It will then become easier to write
correct rules and to debug existing configurations.

The HTTP protocol is transaction-driven. This means that each request will lead
to one and only one response. Traditionally, a TCP connection is established
from the client to the server, a request is sent by the client through the
connection, the server responds, and the connection is closed. A new request
will involve a new connection :

  [CON1] [REQ1] ... [RESP1] [CLO1] [CON2] [REQ2] ... [RESP2] [CLO2] ...

In this mode, called the "HTTP close" mode, there are as many connection
establishments as there are HTTP transactions. Since the connection is closed
by the server after the response, the client does not need to know the content
length.

Due to the transactional nature of the protocol, it was possible to improve it
to avoid closing a connection between two subsequent transactions. In this mode
however, it is mandatory that the server indicates the content length for each
response so that the client does not wait indefinitely. For this, a special
header is used: "Content-length". This mode is called the "keep-alive" mode :

  [CON] [REQ1] ... [RESP1] [REQ2] ... [RESP2] [CLO] ...

Its advantages are a reduced latency between transactions, and less processing
power required on the server side. It is generally better than the close mode,
but not always because the clients often limit their concurrent connections to
a smaller value.

Another improvement in the communications is the pipelining mode. It still uses
keep-alive, but the client does not wait for the first response to send the
second request. This is useful for fetching large number of images composing a
page :

  [CON] [REQ1] [REQ2] ... [RESP1] [RESP2] [CLO] ...

This can obviously have a tremendous benefit on performance because the network
latency is eliminated between subsequent requests. Many HTTP agents do not
correctly support pipelining since there is no way to associate a response with
the corresponding request in HTTP. For this reason, it is mandatory for the
server to reply in the exact same order as the requests were received.

The next improvement is the multiplexed mode, as implemented in HTTP/2 and HTTP/3.
This time, each transaction is assigned a single stream identifier, and all
streams are multiplexed over an existing connection. Many requests can be sent in
parallel by the client, and responses can arrive in any order since they also
carry the stream identifier.


HTTP/3 is implemented over QUIC, itself implemented over UDP. QUIC solves the
head of line blocking at transport level by means of independently treated
streams. Indeed, when experiencing loss, an impacted stream does not affect the
other streams.

By default HAProxy operates in keep-alive mode with regards to persistent
connections: for each connection it processes each request and response, and
leaves the connection idle on both sides between the end of a response and the
start of a new request. When it receives HTTP/2 connections from a client, it
processes all the requests in parallel and leaves the connection idling,
waiting for new requests, just as if it was a keep-alive HTTP connection.

HAProxy supports 4 connection modes :
  - keep alive    : all requests and responses are processed (default)
  - tunnel        : only the first request and response are processed,
                    everything else is forwarded with no analysis (deprecated).
  - server close  : the server-facing connection is closed after the response.
  - close         : the connection is actively closed after end of response.

First, let's consider this HTTP request :

  Line     Contents
  number
     1     GET /serv/login.php?lang=en&profile=2 HTTP/1.1
     2     Host: www.mydomain.com
     3     User-agent: my small browser
     4     Accept: image/jpeg, image/gif
     5     Accept: image/png

Line 1 is the "request line". It is always composed of 3 fields :

  - a METHOD      : GET
  - a URI         : /serv/login.php?lang=en&profile=2
  - a version tag : HTTP/1.1

All of them are delimited by what the standard calls LWS (linear white spaces),
which are commonly spaces, but can also be tabs or line feeds/carriage returns
followed by spaces/tabs. The method itself cannot contain any colon (':') and
is limited to alphabetic letters. All those various combinations make it
desirable that HAProxy performs the splitting itself rather than leaving it to
the user to write a complex or inaccurate regular expression.

The URI itself can have several forms :

  - A "relative URI" :

      /serv/login.php?lang=en&profile=2

    It is a complete URL without the host part. This is generally what is
    received by servers, reverse proxies and transparent proxies.

  - An "absolute URI", also called a "URL" :

      http://192.168.0.12:8080/serv/login.php?lang=en&profile=2

    It is composed of a "scheme" (the protocol name followed by '://'), a host
    name or address, optionally a colon (':') followed by a port number, then
    a relative URI beginning at the first slash ('/') after the address part.
    This is generally what proxies receive, but a server supporting HTTP/1.1
    must accept this form too.

  - a star ('*') : this form is only accepted in association with the OPTIONS
    method and is not relayable. It is used to inquiry a next hop's
    capabilities.

  - an address:port combination : 192.168.0.12:80
    This is used with the CONNECT method, which is used to establish TCP
    tunnels through HTTP proxies, generally for HTTPS, but sometimes for
    other protocols too.

In a relative URI, two sub-parts are identified. The part before the question
mark is called the "path". It is typically the relative path to static objects
on the server. The part after the question mark is called the "query string".
It is mostly used with GET requests sent to dynamic scripts and is very
specific to the language, framework or application in use.

HTTP/2 doesn't convey a version information with the request, so the version is
assumed to be the same as the one of the underlying protocol (i.e. "HTTP/2").

The headers start at the second line. They are composed of a name at the
beginning of the line, immediately followed by a colon (':'). Traditionally,
an LWS is added after the colon but that's not required. Then come the values.
Multiple identical headers may be folded into one single line, delimiting the
values with commas, provided that their order is respected. This is commonly
encountered in the "Cookie:" field. A header may span over multiple lines if
the subsequent lines begin with an LWS. In the example in 1.2, lines 4 and 5
define a total of 3 values for the "Accept:" header.

Contrary to a common misconception, header names are not case-sensitive, and
their values are not either if they refer to other header names (such as the
"Connection:" header). In HTTP/2, header names are always sent in lower case,
as can be seen when running in debug mode. Internally, all header names are
normalized to lower case so that HTTP/1.x and HTTP/2 use the exact same
representation, and they are sent as-is on the other side. This explains why an
HTTP/1.x request typed with camel case is delivered in lower case.

The end of the headers is indicated by the first empty line. People often say
that it's a double line feed, which is not exact, even if a double line feed
is one valid form of empty line.

Fortunately, HAProxy takes care of all these complex combinations when indexing
headers, checking values and counting them, so there is no reason to worry
about the way they could be written, but it is important not to accuse an
application of being buggy if it does unusual, valid things.

Important note:
   As suggested by RFC7231, HAProxy normalizes headers by replacing line breaks
   in the middle of headers by LWS in order to join multi-line headers. This
   is necessary for proper analysis and helps less capable HTTP parsers to work
   correctly and not to be fooled by such complex constructs.

An HTTP response looks very much like an HTTP request. Both are called HTTP
messages. Let's consider this HTTP response :

  Line     Contents
  number
     1     HTTP/1.1 200 OK
     2     Content-length: 350
     3     Content-Type: text/html

As a special case, HTTP supports so called "Informational responses" as status
codes 1xx. These messages are special in that they don't convey any part of the
response, they're just used as sort of a signaling message to ask a client to
continue to post its request for instance. In the case of a status 100 response
the requested information will be carried by the next non-100 response message
following the informational one. This implies that multiple responses may be
sent to a single request, and that this only works when keep-alive is enabled
(1xx messages are HTTP/1.1 only). HAProxy handles these messages and is able to
correctly forward and skip them, and only process the next non-100 response. As
such, these messages are neither logged nor transformed, unless explicitly
state otherwise. Status 101 messages indicate that the protocol is changing
over the same connection and that HAProxy must switch to tunnel mode, just as
if a CONNECT had occurred. Then the Upgrade header would contain additional
information about the type of protocol the connection is switching to.

Line 1 is the "response line". It is always composed of 3 fields :

  - a version tag : HTTP/1.1
  - a status code : 200
  - a reason      : OK

The status code is always 3-digit. The first digit indicates a general status :
 - 1xx = informational message to be skipped (e.g. 100, 101)
 - 2xx = OK, content is following   (e.g. 200, 206)
 - 3xx = OK, no content following   (e.g. 302, 304)
 - 4xx = error caused by the client (e.g. 401, 403, 404)
 - 5xx = error caused by the server (e.g. 500, 502, 503)

Please refer to RFC7231 for the detailed meaning of all such codes. The
"reason" field is just a hint, but is not parsed by clients. Anything can be
found there, but it's a common practice to respect the well-established
messages. It can be composed of one or multiple words, such as "OK", "Found",
or "Authentication Required".

HAProxy may emit the following status codes by itself :

  Code  When / reason
   200  access to stats page, and when replying to monitoring requests
   301  when performing a redirection, depending on the configured code
   302  when performing a redirection, depending on the configured code
   303  when performing a redirection, depending on the configured code
   307  when performing a redirection, depending on the configured code
   308  when performing a redirection, depending on the configured code
   400  for an invalid or too large request
   401  when an authentication is required to perform the action (when
        accessing the stats page)
   403  when a request is forbidden by a "http-request deny" rule
   404  when the requested resource could not be found
   408  when the request timeout strikes before the request is complete
   410  when the requested resource is no longer available and will not
        be available again
   500  when HAProxy encounters an unrecoverable internal error, such as a
        memory allocation failure, which should never happen
   501 when HAProxy is unable to satisfy a client request because of an
       unsupported feature
   502  when the server returns an empty, invalid or incomplete response, or
        when an "http-response deny" rule blocks the response.
   503  when no server was available to handle the request, or in response to
        monitoring requests which match the "monitor fail" condition
   504  when the response timeout strikes before the server responds

The error 4xx and 5xx codes above may be customized (see "errorloc" in section
4.2).

Response headers work exactly like request headers, and as such, HAProxy uses
the same parsing function for both. Please refer to paragraph 1.2.2 for more
details.

HAProxy's configuration process involves 3 major sources of parameters :

  - the arguments from the command-line, which always take precedence
  - the configuration file(s), whose format is described here
  - the running process's environment, in case some environment variables are
    explicitly referenced

The configuration file follows a fairly simple hierarchical format which obey
a few basic rules:

  1. a configuration file is an ordered sequence of statements

  2. a statement is a single non-empty line before any unprotected "#" (hash)

  3. a line is a series of tokens or "words" delimited by unprotected spaces or
     tab characters

  4. the first word or sequence of words of a line is one of the keywords or
     keyword sequences listed in this document

  5. all other words are all arguments of the first one, some being well-known
     keywords listed in this document, others being values, references to other
     parts of the configuration, or expressions

  6. certain keywords delimit a section inside which only a subset of keywords
     are supported

  7. a section ends at the end of a file or on a special keyword starting a new
     section

This is all that is needed to know to write a simple but reliable configuration
generator, but this is not enough to reliably parse any configuration nor to
figure how to deal with certain corner cases.

First, there are a few consequences of the rules above. Rule 6 and 7 imply that
the keywords used to define a new section are valid everywhere and cannot have
a different meaning in a specific section. These keywords are always a single
word (as opposed to a sequence of words), and traditionally the section that
follows them is designated using the same name. For example when speaking about
the "global section", it designates the section of configuration that follows
the "global" keyword. This usage is used a lot in error messages to help locate
the parts that need to be addressed.

A number of sections create an internal object or configuration space, which
requires to be distinguished from other ones. In this case they will take an
extra word which will set the name of this particular section. For some of them
the section name is mandatory. For example "frontend foo" will create a new
section of type "frontend" named "foo". Usually a name is specific to its
section and two sections of different types may use the same name, but this is
not recommended as it tends to complexify configuration management.

A direct consequence of rule 7 is that when multiple files are read at once,
each of them must start with a new section, and the end of each file will end
a section. A file cannot contain sub-sections nor end an existing section and
start a new one.

Rule 1 mentioned that ordering matters. Indeed, some keywords create directives
that can be repeated multiple times to create ordered sequences of rules to be
applied in a certain order. For example "tcp-request" can be used to alternate
"accept" and "reject" rules on varying criteria. As such, a configuration file
processor must always preserve a section's ordering when editing a file. The
ordering of sections usually does not matter except for the global section
which must be placed before other sections, but it may be repeated if needed.
In addition, some automatic identifiers may automatically be assigned to some
of the created objects (e.g. proxies), and by reordering sections, their
identifiers will change. These ones appear in the statistics for example. As
such, the configuration below will assign "foo" ID number 1 and "bar" ID number
2, which will be swapped if the two sections are reversed:

     listen foo
         bind :80

     listen bar
         bind :81

Another important point is that according to rules 2 and 3 above, empty lines,
spaces, tabs, and comments following and unprotected "#" character are not part
of the configuration as they are just used as delimiters. This implies that the
following configurations are strictly equivalent:

         global#this is the global section
     daemon#daemonize
         frontend         foo
     mode             http   # or tcp

and:

     global
         daemon

     # this is the public web frontend
     frontend foo
         mode http

The common practice is to align to the left only the keyword that initiates a
new section, and indent (i.e. prepend a tab character or a few spaces) all
other keywords so that it's instantly visible that they belong to the same
section (as done in the second example above). Placing comments before a new
section helps the reader decide if it's the desired one. Leaving a blank line
at the end of a section also visually helps spotting the end when editing it.

Tabs are very convenient for indent but they do not copy-paste well. If spaces
are used instead, it is recommended to avoid placing too many (2 to 4) so that
editing in field doesn't become a burden with limited editors that do not
support automatic indent.

In the early days it used to be common to see arguments split at fixed tab
positions because most keywords would not take more than two arguments. With
modern versions featuring complex expressions this practice does not stand
anymore, and is not recommended.

In modern configurations, some arguments require the use of some characters
that were previously considered as pure delimiters. In order to make this
possible, HAProxy supports character escaping by prepending a backslash ('\')
in front of the character to be escaped, weak quoting within double quotes
('"') and strong quoting within single quotes ("'").

This is pretty similar to what is done in a number of programming languages and
very close to what is commonly encountered in Bourne shell. The principle is
the following: while the configuration parser cuts the lines into words, it
also takes care of quotes and backslashes to decide whether a character is a
delimiter or is the raw representation of this character within the current
word. The escape character is then removed, the quotes are removed, and the
remaining word is used as-is as a keyword or argument for example.

If a backslash is needed in a word, it must either be escaped using itself
(i.e. double backslash) or be strongly quoted.

Escaping outside quotes is achieved by preceding a special character by a
backslash ('\'):

  \    to mark a space and differentiate it from a delimiter
  \#   to mark a hash and differentiate it from a comment
  \\   to use a backslash
  \'   to use a single quote and differentiate it from strong quoting
  \"   to use a double quote and differentiate it from weak quoting

In addition, a few non-printable characters may be emitted using their usual
C-language representation:

  \n   to insert a line feed (LF, character \x0a or ASCII 10 decimal)
  \r   to insert a carriage return (CR, character \x0d or ASCII 13 decimal)
  \t   to insert a tab (character \x09 or ASCII 9 decimal)
  \xNN to insert character having ASCII code hex NN (e.g \x0a for LF).

Weak quoting is achieved by surrounding double quotes ("") around the character
or sequence of characters to protect. Weak quoting prevents the interpretation
of:

       space or tab as a word separator
  '    single quote as a strong quoting delimiter
  #    hash as a comment start

Weak quoting permits the interpretation of environment variables (which are not
evaluated outside of quotes) by preceding them with a dollar sign ('$'). If a
dollar character is needed inside double quotes, it must be escaped using a
backslash.

Strong quoting is achieved by surrounding single quotes ('') around the
character or sequence of characters to protect. Inside single quotes, nothing
is interpreted, it's the efficient way to quote regular expressions.

As a result, here is the matrix indicating how special characters can be
entered in different contexts (unprintable characters are replaced with their
name within angle brackets). Note that some characters that may only be
represented escaped have no possible representation inside single quotes,
hence the '-' there:

HAProxy's configuration supports environment variables. Those variables are
interpreted only within double quotes. Variables are expanded during the
configuration parsing. Variable names must be preceded by a dollar ("$") and
optionally enclosed with braces ("{}") similarly to what is done in Bourne
shell. Variable names can contain alphanumerical characters or the character
underscore ("_") but should not start with a digit. If the variable contains a
list of several values separated by spaces, it can be expanded as individual
arguments by enclosing the variable with braces and appending the suffix '[*]'
before the closing brace. It is also possible to specify a default value to
use when the variable is not set, by appending that value after a dash '-'
next to the variable name. Note that the default value only replaces non
existing variables, not empty ones.

bind "fd@${FD_APP1}"

log "${LOCAL_SYSLOG-127.0.0.1}:514" local0 notice  # send to local server

user "$HAPROXY_USER"

Some variables are defined by HAProxy, they can be used in the configuration
file, or could be inherited by a program (See 3.7. Programs):

* HAPROXY_LOCALPEER: defined at the startup of the process which contains the
  name of the local peer. (See "-L" in the management guide.)

* HAPROXY_CFGFILES: list of the configuration files loaded by HAProxy,
  separated by semicolons. Can be useful in the case you specified a
  directory.

* HAPROXY_MWORKER: In master-worker mode, this variable is set to 1.

* HAPROXY_CLI: configured listeners addresses of the stats socket for every
  processes, separated by semicolons.

* HAPROXY_MASTER_CLI: In master-worker mode, listeners addresses of the master
  CLI, separated by semicolons.

In addition, some pseudo-variables are internally resolved and may be used as
regular variables. Pseudo-variables always start with a dot ('.'), and are the
only ones where the dot is permitted. The current list of pseudo-variables is:

* .FILE: the name of the configuration file currently being parsed.

* .LINE: the line number of the configuration file currently being parsed,
  starting at one.

* .SECTION: the name of the section currently being parsed, or its type if the
  section doesn't have a name (e.g. "global"), or an empty string before the
  first section.

These variables are resolved at the location where they are parsed. For example
if a ".LINE" variable is used in a "log-format" directive located in a defaults
section, its line number will be resolved before parsing and compiling the
"log-format" directive, so this same line number will be reused by subsequent
proxies.

This way it is possible to emit information to help locate a rule in variables,
logs, error statuses, health checks, header values, or even to use line numbers
to name some config objects like servers for example.

See also "external-check command" for other variables.

It may sometimes be convenient to be able to conditionally enable or disable
some arbitrary parts of the configuration, for example to enable/disable SSL or
ciphers, enable or disable some pre-production listeners without modifying the
configuration, or adjust the configuration's syntax to support two distinct
versions of HAProxy during a migration.. HAProxy brings a set of nestable
preprocessor-like directives which allow to integrate or ignore some blocks of
text. These directives must be placed on their own line and they act on the
lines that follow them. Two of them support an expression, the other ones only
switch to an alternate block or end a current level. The 4 following directives
are defined to form conditional blocks:

  - .if <condition>
  - .elif <condition>
  - .else
  - .endif

The ".if" directive nests a new level, ".elif" stays at the same level, ".else"
as well, and ".endif" closes a level. Each ".if" must be terminated by a
matching ".endif". The ".elif" may only be placed after ".if" or ".elif", and
there is no limit to the number of ".elif" that may be chained. There may be
only one ".else" per ".if" and it must always be after the ".if" or the last
".elif" of a block.

Comments may be placed on the same line if needed after a '#', they will be
ignored. The directives are tokenized like other configuration directives, and
as such it is possible to use environment variables in conditions.

Conditions can also be evaluated on startup with the -cc parameter.
See "3. Starting HAProxy" in the management doc.

The conditions are either an empty string (which then returns false), or an
expression made of any combination of:

  - the integer zero ('0'), always returns "false"
  - a non-nul integer (e.g. '1'), always returns "true".
  - a predicate optionally followed by argument(s) in parenthesis.
  - a condition placed between a pair of parenthesis '(' and ')'
  - an exclamation mark ('!') preceding any of the non-empty elements above,
    and which will negate its status.
  - expressions combined with a logical AND ('&&'), which will be evaluated
    from left to right until one returns false
  - expressions combined with a logical OR ('||'), which will be evaluated
    from right to left until one returns true

Note that like in other languages, the AND operator has precedence over the OR
operator, so that "A && B || C && D" evalues as "(A && B) || (C && D)".

The list of currently supported predicates is the following:

  - defined(<name>)       : returns true if an environment variable <name>
                            exists, regardless of its contents

  - feature(<name>)       : returns true if feature <name> is listed as present
                            in the features list reported by "haproxy -vv"
                            (which means a <name> appears after a '+')

  - streq(<str1>,<str2>)  : returns true only if the two strings are equal
  - strneq(<str1>,<str2>) : returns true only if the two strings differ

  - version_atleast(<ver>): returns true if the current haproxy version is
                            at least as recent as <ver> otherwise false. The
                            version syntax is the same as shown by "haproxy -v"
                            and missing components are assumed as being zero.

  - version_before(<ver>) : returns true if the current haproxy version is
                            strictly older than <ver> otherwise false. The
                            version syntax is the same as shown by "haproxy -v"
                            and missing components are assumed as being zero.

.if defined(HAPROXY_MWORKER)
    listen mwcli_px
       bind :1111
       ...
.endif

.if strneq("$SSL_ONLY",yes)
       bind :80
.endif

.if streq("$WITH_SSL",yes)
  .if feature(OPENSSL)
       bind :443 ssl crt ...
  .endif
.endif

.if feature(OPENSSL) && (streq("$WITH_SSL",yes) || streq("$SSL_ONLY",yes))
       bind :443 ssl crt ...
.endif

.if version_atleast(2.4-dev19)
    profiling.memory on
.endif

.if !feature(OPENSSL)
    .alert "SSL support is mandatory"
.endif

Four other directives are provided to report some status:

  - .diag "message"    : emit this message only when in diagnostic mode (-dD)
  - .notice "message"  : emit this message at level NOTICE
  - .warning "message" : emit this message at level WARNING
  - .alert "message"   : emit this message at level ALERT

Messages emitted at level WARNING may cause the process to fail to start if the
"strict-mode" is enabled. Messages emitted at level ALERT will always cause a
fatal error. These can be used to detect some inappropriate conditions and
provide advice to the user.

.if "${A}"
  .if "${B}"
     .notice "A=1, B=1"
  .elif "${C}"
     .notice "A=1, B=0, C=1"
  .elif "${D}"
     .warning "A=1, B=0, C=0, D=1"
  .else
     .alert "A=1, B=0, C=0, D=0"
  .endif
.else
     .notice "A=0"
.endif

.diag "WTA/2021-05-07: replace 'redirect' with 'return' after switch to 2.4"
      http-request redirect location /goaway if ABUSE

Some parameters involve values representing time, such as timeouts. These
values are generally expressed in milliseconds (unless explicitly stated
otherwise) but may be expressed in any other unit by suffixing the unit to the
numeric value. It is important to consider this because it will not be repeated
for every keyword. Supported units are :

  - us : microseconds. 1 microsecond = 1/1000000 second
  - ms : milliseconds. 1 millisecond = 1/1000 second. This is the default.
  - s  : seconds. 1s = 1000ms
  - m  : minutes. 1m = 60s = 60000ms
  - h  : hours.   1h = 60m = 3600s = 3600000ms
  - d  : days.    1d = 24h = 1440m = 86400s = 86400000ms

    # Simple configuration for an HTTP proxy listening on port 80 on all
    # interfaces and forwarding requests to a single backend "servers" with a
    # single server "server1" listening on 127.0.0.1:8000
    global
        daemon
        maxconn 256

    defaults
        mode http
        timeout connect 5000ms
        timeout client 50000ms
        timeout server 50000ms

    frontend http-in
        bind *:80
        default_backend servers

    backend servers
        server server1 127.0.0.1:8000 maxconn 32


    # The same configuration defined with a single listen block. Shorter but
    # less expressive, especially in HTTP mode.
    global
        daemon
        maxconn 256

    defaults
        mode http
        timeout connect 5000ms
        timeout client 50000ms
        timeout server 50000ms

    listen http-in
        bind *:80
        server server1 127.0.0.1:8000 maxconn 32


Assuming haproxy is in $PATH, test these configurations in a shell with:

    $ sudo haproxy -f configuration.conf -c

Parameters in the "global" section are process-wide and often OS-specific. They
are generally set once for all and do not need being changed once correct. Some
of them have command-line equivalents.

The following keywords are supported in the "global" section :

 * Process management and security
   - 51degrees-cache-size
   - 51degrees-data-file
   - 51degrees-property-name-list
   - 51degrees-property-separator
   - ca-base
   - chroot
   - cluster-secret
   - cpu-map
   - crt-base
   - daemon
   - default-path
   - description
   - deviceatlas-json-file
   - deviceatlas-log-level
   - deviceatlas-properties-cookie
   - deviceatlas-separator
   - expose-experimental-directives
   - external-check
   - fd-hard-limit
   - gid
   - grace
   - group
   - h1-accept-payload-with-any-method
   - h1-case-adjust
   - h1-case-adjust-file
   - h2-workaround-bogus-websocket-clients
   - hard-stop-after
   - httpclient.resolvers.id
   - httpclient.resolvers.prefer
   - httpclient.ssl.ca-file
   - httpclient.ssl.verify
   - insecure-fork-wanted
   - insecure-setuid-wanted
   - issuers-chain-path
   - localpeer
   - log
   - log-send-hostname
   - log-tag
   - lua-load
   - lua-load-per-thread
   - lua-prepend-path
   - mworker-max-reloads
   - nbthread
   - node
   - numa-cpu-mapping
   - pidfile
   - pp2-never-send-local
   - presetenv
   - resetenv
   - set-dumpable
   - set-var
   - setenv
   - ssl-default-bind-ciphers
   - ssl-default-bind-ciphersuites
   - ssl-default-bind-curves
   - ssl-default-bind-options
   - ssl-default-server-ciphers
   - ssl-default-server-ciphersuites
   - ssl-default-server-options
   - ssl-dh-param-file
   - ssl-propquery
   - ssl-provider
   - ssl-provider-path
   - ssl-server-verify
   - ssl-skip-self-issued-ca
   - stats
   - strict-limits
   - uid
   - ulimit-n
   - unix-bind
   - unsetenv
   - user
   - wurfl-cache-size
   - wurfl-data-file
   - wurfl-information-list
   - wurfl-information-list-separator

 * Performance tuning
   - busy-polling
   - max-spread-checks
   - maxcompcpuusage
   - maxcomprate
   - maxconn
   - maxconnrate
   - maxpipes
   - maxsessrate
   - maxsslconn
   - maxsslrate
   - maxzlibmem
   - no-memory-trimming
   - noepoll
   - noevports
   - nogetaddrinfo
   - nokqueue
   - nopoll
   - noreuseport
   - nosplice
   - profiling.tasks
   - server-state-base
   - server-state-file
   - spread-checks
   - ssl-engine
   - ssl-mode-async
   - tune.buffers.limit
   - tune.buffers.reserve
   - tune.bufsize
   - tune.comp.maxlevel
   - tune.fd.edge-triggered
   - tune.h2.header-table-size
   - tune.h2.initial-window-size
   - tune.h2.max-concurrent-streams
   - tune.http.cookielen
   - tune.http.logurilen
   - tune.http.maxhdr
   - tune.idle-pool.shared
   - tune.idletimer
   - tune.lua.forced-yield
   - tune.lua.maxmem
   - tune.lua.service-timeout
   - tune.lua.session-timeout
   - tune.lua.task-timeout
   - tune.maxaccept
   - tune.maxpollevents
   - tune.maxrewrite
   - tune.pattern.cache-size
   - tune.peers.max-updates-at-once
   - tune.pipesize
   - tune.pool-high-fd-ratio
   - tune.pool-low-fd-ratio
   - tune.quic.frontend.conn-tx-buffers.limit
   - tune.quic.frontend.max-idle-timeout
   - tune.quic.frontend.max-streams-bidi
   - tune.quic.retry-threshold
   - tune.rcvbuf.client
   - tune.rcvbuf.server
   - tune.recv_enough
   - tune.runqueue-depth
   - tune.sched.low-latency
   - tune.sndbuf.client
   - tune.sndbuf.server
   - tune.ssl.cachesize
   - tune.ssl.capture-buffer-size
   - tune.ssl.capture-cipherlist-size (deprecated)
   - tune.ssl.default-dh-param
   - tune.ssl.force-private-cache
   - tune.ssl.hard-maxrecord
   - tune.ssl.keylog
   - tune.ssl.lifetime
   - tune.ssl.maxrecord
   - tune.ssl.ssl-ctx-cache-size
   - tune.vars.global-max-size
   - tune.vars.proc-max-size
   - tune.vars.reqres-max-size
   - tune.vars.sess-max-size
   - tune.vars.txn-max-size
   - tune.zlib.memlevel
   - tune.zlib.windowsize

 * Debugging
   - quiet
   - zero-warning

The path of the 51Degrees data file to provide device detection services. The
file should be unzipped and accessible by HAProxy with relevant permissions.

Please note that this option is only available when HAProxy has been
compiled with USE_51DEGREES.

A list of 51Degrees property names to be load from the dataset. A full list
of names is available on the 51Degrees website:
https://51degrees.com/resources/property-dictionary

Please note that this option is only available when HAProxy has been
compiled with USE_51DEGREES.

A char that will be appended to every property value in a response header
containing 51Degrees results. If not set that will be set as ','.

Please note that this option is only available when HAProxy has been
compiled with USE_51DEGREES.

Sets the size of the 51Degrees converter cache to <number> entries. This
is an LRU cache which reminds previous device detections and their results.
By default, this cache is disabled.

Please note that this option is only available when HAProxy has been
compiled with USE_51DEGREES.

Assigns a default directory to fetch SSL CA certificates and CRLs from when a
relative path is used with "ca-file
This keyword is available in sections :
Bind options
Server and default-server options", "ca-verify-file" or "crl-file
This keyword is available in sections :
Bind options
Server and default-server options"
directives. Absolute locations specified in "ca-file
This keyword is available in sections :
Bind options
Server and default-server options", "ca-verify-file" and
"crl-file
This keyword is available in sections :
Bind options
Server and default-server options" prevail and ignore "ca-base".

Changes current directory to <jail dir> and performs a chroot() there before
dropping privileges. This increases the security level in case an unknown
vulnerability would be exploited, since it would make it very hard for the
attacker to exploit the system. This only works when the process is started
with superuser privileges. It is important to ensure that <jail_dir> is both
empty and non-writable to anyone.

Define a time window during which idle connections and active connections
closing is spread in case of soft-stop. After a SIGUSR1 is received and the
grace period is over (if any), the idle connections will all be closed at
once if this option is not set, and active HTTP or HTTP2 connections will be
ended after the next request is received, either by appending a "Connection:
close" line to the HTTP response, or by sending a GOAWAY frame in case of
HTTP2. When this option is set, connection closing will be spread over this
set <time>.
If the close-spread-time is set to "infinite", active connection closing
during a soft-stop will be disabled. The "Connection: close" header will not
be added to HTTP responses (or GOAWAY for HTTP2) anymore and idle connections
will only be closed once their timeout is reached (based on the various
timeouts set in the configuration).

<time>  is a time window (by default in milliseconds) during which
        connection closing will be spread during a soft-stop operation, or
        "infinite" if active connection closing should be disabled.

It is recommended to set this setting to a value lower than the one used in
the "hard-stop-after" option if this one is used, so that all connections
have a chance to gracefully close before the process stops.

Define an ASCII string secret shared between several nodes belonging to the
same cluster. It could be used for different usages. It is at least used to
derive stateless reset tokens for all the QUIC connections instantiated by
this process. This is also the case to derive secrets used to encrypt Retry
tokens. If you do not set this parameter, the stateless reset and Retry QUIC
features will be both silently disabled.

On some operating systems, it is possible to bind a thread group or a thread
to a specific CPU set. This means that the designated threads will never run
on other CPUs. The "cpu-map" directive specifies CPU sets for individual
threads or thread groups. The first argument is a thread group range,
optionally followed by a thread set. These ranges have the following format:

    all | odd | even | number[-[number]]

<number> must be a number between 1 and 32 or 64, depending on the machine's
word size. Any process IDs above 1 and any thread IDs above nbthread are
ignored. It is possible to specify a range with two such number delimited by
a dash ('-'). It also is possible to specify all thraeds at once using
"all", only odd numbers using "odd" or even numbers using "even", just like
with the "bind-process" directive. The second and forthcoming arguments are
CPU sets. Each CPU set is either a unique number starting at 0 for the first
CPU or a range with two such numbers delimited by a dash ('-'). Outside of
Linux and BSDs, there may be a limitation on the maximum CPU index to either
31 or 63. Multiple CPU numbers or ranges may be specified, and the processes
or threads will be allowed to bind to all of them. Obviously, multiple
"cpu-map" directives may be specified. Each "cpu-map" directive will replace
the previous ones when they overlap. A thread will be bound on the
intersection of its mapping and the one of the process on which it is
attached. If the intersection is null, no specific binding will be set for
the thread.

Ranges can be partially defined. The higher bound can be omitted. In such
case, it is replaced by the corresponding maximum value, 32 or 64 depending
on the machine's word size.

The prefix "auto:" can be added before the process set to let HAProxy
automatically bind a process or a thread to a CPU by incrementing threads and
CPU sets. To be valid, both sets must have the same size. No matter the
declaration order of the CPU sets, it will be bound from the lowest to the
highest bound. Having both a process and a thread range with the "auto:"
prefix is not supported. Only one range is supported, the other one must be
a fixed number.

Note that process ranges are supported for historical reasons. Nowadays, a
lone number designates a process and must be 1, and specifying a thread range
or number requires to prepend "1/" in front of it. Finally, "1" is strictly
equivalent to "1/all" and designates all threads on the process.

cpu-map 1/all 0-3 # bind all threads of the first process on the
                  # first 4 CPUs

cpu-map 1/1- 0-   # will be replaced by "cpu-map 1/1-64 0-63"
                  # or "cpu-map 1/1-32 0-31" depending on the machine's
                  # word size.

# all these lines bind the thread 1 to the cpu 0, the thread 2 to cpu 1
# and so on.
cpu-map auto:1/1-4   0-3
cpu-map auto:1/1-4   0-1 2-3
cpu-map auto:1/1-4   3 2 1 0

# bind each thread to exactly one CPU using all/odd/even keyword
cpu-map auto:1/all   0-63
cpu-map auto:1/even  0-31
cpu-map auto:1/odd   32-63

# invalid cpu-map because thread and CPU sets have different sizes.
cpu-map auto:1/1-4   0    # invalid
cpu-map auto:1/1     0-3  # invalid

Assigns a default directory to fetch SSL certificates from when a relative
path is used with "crtfile" or "crt
This keyword is available in sections :
Bind options
Server and default-server options" directives. Absolute locations specified
prevail and ignore "crt-base".

Makes the process fork into background. This is the recommended mode of
operation. It is equivalent to the command line "-D" argument. It can be
disabled by the command line "-db" argument. This option is ignored in
systemd mode.

By default HAProxy loads all files designated by a relative path from the
location the process is started in. In some circumstances it might be
desirable to force all relative paths to start from a different location
just as if the process was started from such locations. This is what this
directive is made for. Technically it will perform a temporary chdir() to
the designated location while processing each configuration file, and will
return to the original directory after processing each file. It takes an
argument indicating the policy to use when loading files whose path does
not start with a slash ('/'):
  - "current" indicates that all relative files are to be loaded from the
    directory the process is started in ; this is the default.

  - "config" indicates that all relative files should be loaded from the
    directory containing the configuration file. More specifically, if the
    configuration file contains a slash ('/'), the longest part up to the
    last slash is used as the directory to change to, otherwise the current
    directory is used. This mode is convenient to bundle maps, errorfiles,
    certificates and Lua scripts together as relocatable packages. When
    multiple configuration files are loaded, the directory is updated for
    each of them.

  - "parent" indicates that all relative files should be loaded from the
    parent of the directory containing the configuration file. More
    specifically, if the configuration file contains a slash ('/'), ".."
    is appended to the longest part up to the last slash is used as the
    directory to change to, otherwise the directory is "..". This mode is
    convenient to bundle maps, errorfiles,  certificates and Lua scripts
    together as relocatable packages, but where each part is located in a
    different subdirectory (e.g. "config/", "certs/", "maps/", ...).

  - "origin" indicates that all relative files should be loaded from the
    designated (mandatory) path. This may be used to ease management of
    different HAProxy instances running in parallel on a system, where each
    instance uses a different prefix but where the rest of the sections are
    made easily relocatable.

Each "default-path" directive instantly replaces any previous one and will
possibly result in switching to a different directory. While this should
always result in the desired behavior, it is really not a good practice to
use multiple default-path directives, and if used, the policy ought to remain
consistent across all configuration files.

Warning: some configuration elements such as maps or certificates are
uniquely identified by their configured path. By using a relocatable layout,
it becomes possible for several of them to end up with the same unique name,
making it difficult to update them at run time, especially when multiple
configuration files are loaded from different directories. It is essential to
observe a strict collision-free file naming scheme before adopting relative
paths. A robust approach could consist in prefixing all files names with
their respective site name, or in doing so at the directory level.

Add a text that describes the instance.

Please note that it is required to escape certain characters (# for example)
and this text is inserted into a html page so you should avoid using
"<" and ">" characters.

Sets the path of the DeviceAtlas JSON data file to be loaded by the API.
The path must be a valid JSON data file and accessible by HAProxy process.

Sets the level of information returned by the API. This directive is
optional and set to 0 by default if not set.

Sets the client cookie's name used for the detection if the DeviceAtlas
Client-side component was used during the request. This directive is optional
and set to DAPROPS by default if not set.

Sets the character separator for the API properties results. This directive
is optional and set to | by default if not set.

This statement must appear before using directives tagged as experimental or
the config file will be rejected.

Allows the use of an external agent to perform health checks. This is
disabled by default as a security precaution, and even when enabled, checks
may still fail unless "insecure-fork-wanted" is enabled as well. If the
program launched makes use of a setuid executable (it should really not),
you may also need to set "insecure-setuid-wanted" in the global section.
See "option external-check", and "insecure-fork-wanted", and
"insecure-setuid-wanted".

Sets an upper bound to the maximum number of file descriptors that the
process will use, regardless of system limits. While "ulimit-n" and "maxconn
This keyword is available in sections :
Log forwarding
Performance tuning
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference
Bind options
Server and default-server options"
may be used to enforce a value, when they are not set, the process will be
limited to the hard limit of the RLIMIT_NOFILE setting as reported by
"ulimit -n -H". But some modern operating systems are now allowing extremely
large values here (in the order of 1 billion), which will consume way too
much RAM for regular usage. The fd-hard-limit setting is provided to enforce
a possibly lower bound to this limit. This means that it will always respect
the system-imposed limits when they are below <number> but the specified
value will be used if system-imposed limits are higher. In the example below,
no other setting is specified and the maxconn value will automatically adapt
to the lower of "fd-hard-limit" and the system-imposed limit:

    global
        # use as many FDs as possible but no more than 50000
        fd-hard-limit 50000

Changes the process's group ID to <number>. It is recommended that the group
ID is dedicated to HAProxy or to a small set of similar daemons. HAProxy must
be started with a user belonging to this group, or with superuser privileges.
Note that if HAProxy is started from a user having supplementary groups, it
will only be able to drop these groups if started with superuser privileges.
See also "group
This keyword is available in sections :
Process management and security
Userlists
Programs
Bind options" and "uid
This keyword is available in sections :
Process management and security
Bind options".

Defines a delay between SIGUSR1 and real soft-stop.

<time>  is an extra delay (by default in milliseconds) after receipt of the
        SIGUSR1 signal that will be waited for before proceeding with the
        soft-stop operation.

This is used for compatibility with legacy environments where the haproxy
process needs to be stopped but some external components need to detect the
status before listeners are unbound. The principle is that the internal
"stopping" variable (which is reported by the "stopping" sample fetch
function) will be turned to true, but listeners will continue to accept
connections undisturbed, until the delay expires, after what the regular
soft-stop will proceed. This must not be used with processes that are
reloaded, or this will prevent the old process from unbinding, and may
prevent the new one from starting, or simply cause trouble.

global
  grace 10s

# Returns 200 OK until stopping is set via SIGUSR1
frontend ext-check
  bind :9999
  monitor-uri /ext-check
  monitor fail if { stopping }

Please note that a more flexible and durable approach would instead consist
for an orchestration system in setting a global variable from the CLI, use
that variable to respond to external checks, then after a delay send the
SIGUSR1 signal.

# Returns 200 OK until proc.stopping is set to non-zero. May be done
# from HTTP using set-var(proc.stopping) or from the CLI using:
# > set var proc.stopping int(1)
frontend ext-check
  bind :9999
  monitor-uri /ext-check
  monitor fail if { var(proc.stopping) -m int gt 0 }

Similar to "gid
This keyword is available in sections :
Process management and security
Bind options" but uses the GID of group name <group name> from /etc/group.
See also "gid
This keyword is available in sections :
Process management and security
Bind options" and "user
This keyword is available in sections :
Process management and security
Userlists
Programs
Bind options".

Does not reject HTTP/1.0 GET/HEAD/DELETE requests with a payload.

While It is explicitly allowed in HTTP/1.1, HTTP/1.0 is not clear on this
point and some old servers don't expect any payload and never look for body
length (via Content-Length or Transfer-Encoding headers). It means that some
intermediaries may properly handle the payload for HTTP/1.0 GET/HEAD/DELETE
requests, while some others may totally ignore it. That may lead to security
issues because a request smuggling attack is possible. Thus, by default,
HAProxy rejects HTTP/1.0 GET/HEAD/DELETE requests with a payload.

However, it may be an issue with some old clients. In this case, this global
option may be set.

Defines the case adjustment to apply, when enabled, to the header name
<from>, to change it to <to> before sending it to HTTP/1 clients or
servers. <from> must be in lower case, and <from> and <to> must not differ
except for their case. It may be repeated if several header names need to be
adjusted. Duplicate entries are not allowed. If a lot of header names have to
be adjusted, it might be more convenient to use "h1-case-adjust-file".
Please note that no transformation will be applied unless "option
h1-case-adjust-bogus-client" or "option h1-case-adjust-bogus-server" is
specified in a proxy.

There is no standard case for header names because, as stated in RFC7230,
they are case-insensitive. So applications must handle them in a case-
insensitive manner. But some bogus applications violate the standards and
erroneously rely on the cases most commonly used by browsers. This problem
becomes critical with HTTP/2 because all header names must be exchanged in
lower case, and HAProxy follows the same convention. All header names are
sent in lower case to clients and servers, regardless of the HTTP version.

Applications which fail to properly process requests or responses may require
to temporarily use such workarounds to adjust header names sent to them for
the time it takes the application to be fixed. Please note that an
application which requires such workarounds might be vulnerable to content
smuggling attacks and must absolutely be fixed.

global
  h1-case-adjust content-length Content-Length

See "h1-case-adjust-file", "option h1-case-adjust-bogus-client" and
"option h1-case-adjust-bogus-server".

Defines a file containing a list of key/value pairs used to adjust the case
of some header names before sending them to HTTP/1 clients or servers. The
file <hdrs-file> must contain 2 header names per line. The first one must be
in lower case and both must not differ except for their case. Lines which
start with '#' are ignored, just like empty lines. Leading and trailing tabs
and spaces are stripped. Duplicate entries are not allowed. Please note that
no transformation will be applied unless "option h1-case-adjust-bogus-client"
or "option h1-case-adjust-bogus-server" is specified in a proxy.

If this directive is repeated, only the last one will be processed.  It is an
alternative to the directive "h1-case-adjust" if a lot of header names need
to be adjusted. Please read the risks associated with using this.

See "h1-case-adjust", "option h1-case-adjust-bogus-client" and
"option h1-case-adjust-bogus-server".

This disables the announcement of the support for h2 websockets to clients.
This can be use to overcome clients which have issues when implementing the
relatively fresh RFC8441, such as Firefox 88. To allow clients to
automatically downgrade to http/1.1 for the websocket tunnel, specify h2
support on the bind line using "alpn
This keyword is available in sections :
Bind options
Server and default-server options" without an explicit "proto
This keyword is available in sections :
Bind options
Server and default-server options" keyword. If
this statement was previously activated, this can be disabled by prefixing
the keyword with "no'.

Defines the maximum time allowed to perform a clean soft-stop.

<time>  is the maximum time (by default in milliseconds) for which the
        instance will remain alive when a soft-stop is received via the
        SIGUSR1 signal.

This may be used to ensure that the instance will quit even if connections
remain opened during a soft-stop (for example with long timeouts for a proxy
in tcp mode). It applies both in TCP and HTTP mode.

global
  hard-stop-after 30s

This option defines the resolvers section with which the httpclient will try
to resolve.

Default option is the "default" resolvers ID. By default, if this option is
not used, it will simply disable the resolving if the section is not found.

However, when this option is explicitly enabled it will trigger a
configuration error if it fails to load.

This option allows to chose which family of IP you want when resolving,
which is convenient when IPv6 is not available on your network. Default
option is "ipv6".

This option defines the ca-file which should be used to verify the server
certificate. It takes the same parameters as the "ca-file
This keyword is available in sections :
Bind options
Server and default-server options" option on the
server line.

By default and when this option is not used, the value is
"@system-ca" which tries to load the CA of the system. If it fails the SSL
will be disabled for the httpclient.

However, when this option is explicitly enabled it will trigger a
configuration error if it fails.

Works the same way as the verify option on server lines. If specified to 'none',
servers certificates are not verified. Default option is "required".

By default and when this option is not used, the value is
"required". If it fails the SSL will be disabled for the httpclient.

However, when this option is explicitly enabled it will trigger a
configuration error if it fails.

By default HAProxy tries hard to prevent any thread and process creation
after it starts. Doing so is particularly important when using Lua files of
uncertain origin, and when experimenting with development versions which may
still contain bugs whose exploitability is uncertain. And generally speaking
it's good hygiene to make sure that no unexpected background activity can be
triggered by traffic. But this prevents external checks from working, and may
break some very specific Lua scripts which actively rely on the ability to
fork. This option is there to disable this protection. Note that it is a bad
idea to disable it, as a vulnerability in a library or within HAProxy itself
will be easier to exploit once disabled. In addition, forking from Lua or
anywhere else is not reliable as the forked process may randomly embed a lock
set by another thread and never manage to finish an operation. As such it is
highly recommended that this option is never used and that any workload
requiring such a fork be reconsidered and moved to a safer solution (such as
agents instead of external checks). This option supports the "no" prefix to
disable it.

HAProxy doesn't need to call executables at run time (except when using
external checks which are strongly recommended against), and is even expected
to isolate itself into an empty chroot. As such, there basically is no valid
reason to allow a setuid executable to be called without the user being fully
aware of the risks. In a situation where HAProxy would need to call external
checks and/or disable chroot, exploiting a vulnerability in a library or in
HAProxy itself could lead to the execution of an external program. On Linux
it is possible to lock the process so that any setuid bit present on such an
executable is ignored. This significantly reduces the risk of privilege
escalation in such a situation. This is what HAProxy does by default. In case
this causes a problem to an external check (for example one which would need
the "ping" command), then it is possible to disable this protection by
explicitly adding this directive in the global section. If enabled, it is
possible to turn it back off by prefixing it with the "no" keyword.

Assigns a directory to load certificate chain for issuer completion. All
files must be in PEM format. For certificates loaded with "crt
This keyword is available in sections :
Bind options
Server and default-server options" or "crt-list",
if certificate chain is not included in PEM (also commonly known as
intermediate certificate), HAProxy will complete chain if the issuer of the
certificate corresponds to the first certificate of the chain loaded with
"issuers-chain-path".
A "crt
This keyword is available in sections :
Bind options
Server and default-server options" file with PrivateKey+Certificate+IntermediateCA2+IntermediateCA1
could be replaced with PrivateKey+Certificate. HAProxy will complete the
chain if a file with IntermediateCA2+IntermediateCA1 is present in
"issuers-chain-path" directory. All other certificates with the same issuer
will share the chain in memory.

Sets the local instance's peer name. It will be ignored if the "-L"
command line argument is specified or if used after "peers" section
definitions. In such cases, a warning message will be emitted during
the configuration parsing.

This option will also set the HAPROXY_LOCALPEER environment variable.
See also "-L" in the management guide and "peers" section below.

Adds a global syslog server. Several global servers can be defined. They
will receive logs for starts and exits, as well as all logs from proxies
configured with "log global
This keyword is available in sections :
Log forwarding
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference".

<address> can be one of:

      - An IPv4 address optionally followed by a colon and a UDP port. If
        no port is specified, 514 is used by default (the standard syslog
        port).

      - An IPv6 address followed by a colon and optionally a UDP port. If
        no port is specified, 514 is used by default (the standard syslog
        port).

      - A filesystem path to a datagram UNIX domain socket, keeping in mind
        considerations for chroot (be sure the path is accessible inside
        the chroot) and uid/gid (be sure the path is appropriately
        writable).

      - A file descriptor number in the form "fd@<number>", which may point
        to a pipe, terminal, or socket. In this case unbuffered logs are used
        and one writev() call per log is performed. This is a bit expensive
        but acceptable for most workloads. Messages sent this way will not be
        truncated but may be dropped, in which case the DroppedLogs counter
        will be incremented. The writev() call is atomic even on pipes for
        messages up to PIPE_BUF size, which POSIX recommends to be at least
        512 and which is 4096 bytes on most modern operating systems. Any
        larger message may be interleaved with messages from other processes.
        Exceptionally for debugging purposes the file descriptor may also be
        directed to a file, but doing so will significantly slow HAProxy down
        as non-blocking calls will be ignored. Also there will be no way to
        purge nor rotate this file without restarting the process. Note that
        the configured syslog format is preserved, so the output is suitable
        for use with a TCP syslog server. See also the "short" and "raw"
        format below.

      - "stdout" / "stderr", which are respectively aliases for "fd@1" and
        "fd@2", see above.

      - A ring buffer in the form "ring@<name>", which will correspond to an
        in-memory ring buffer accessible over the CLI using the "show events"
        command, which will also list existing rings and their sizes. Such
        buffers are lost on reload or restart but when used as a complement
        this can help troubleshooting by having the logs instantly available.

      You may want to reference some environment variables in the address
      parameter, see section 2.3 about environment variables.

<length> is an optional maximum line length. Log lines larger than this value
         will be truncated before being sent. The reason is that syslog
         servers act differently on log line length. All servers support the
         default value of 1024, but some servers simply drop larger lines
         while others do log them. If a server supports long lines, it may
         make sense to set this value here in order to avoid truncating long
         lines. Similarly, if a server drops long lines, it is preferable to
         truncate them before sending them. Accepted values are 80 to 65535
         inclusive. The default value of 1024 is generally fine for all
         standard usages. Some specific cases of long captures or
         JSON-formatted logs may require larger values. You may also need to
         increase "tune.http.logurilen" if your request URIs are truncated.

<format> is the log format used when generating syslog messages. It may be
         one of the following :

  local     Analog to rfc3164 syslog message format except that hostname
            field is stripped. This is the default.
            Note: option "log-send-hostname" switches the default to
            rfc3164.

  rfc3164   The RFC3164 syslog message format.
            (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3164)

  rfc5424   The RFC5424 syslog message format.
            (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5424)

  priority  A message containing only a level plus syslog facility between
            angle brackets such as '<63>', followed by the text. The PID,
            date, time, process name and system name are omitted. This is
            designed to be used with a local log server.

  short     A message containing only a level between angle brackets such as
            '<3>', followed by the text. The PID, date, time, process name
            and system name are omitted. This is designed to be used with a
            local log server. This format is compatible with what the systemd
            logger consumes.

  timed     A message containing only a level between angle brackets such as
           '<3>', followed by ISO date and by the text. The PID, process
            name and system name are omitted. This is designed to be
            used with a local log server.

  iso       A message containing only the ISO date, followed by the text.
            The PID, process name and system name are omitted. This is
            designed to be used with a local log server.

  raw       A message containing only the text. The level, PID, date, time,
            process name and system name are omitted. This is designed to be
            used in containers or during development, where the severity only
            depends on the file descriptor used (stdout/stderr).

<ranges>   A list of comma-separated ranges to identify the logs to sample.
           This is used to balance the load of the logs to send to the log
           server. The limits of the ranges cannot be null. They are numbered
           from 1. The size or period (in number of logs) of the sample must be
           set with <sample_size> parameter.

<sample_size>
           The size of the sample in number of logs to consider when balancing
           their logging loads. It is used to balance the load of the logs to
           send to the syslog server. This size must be greater or equal to the
           maximum of the high limits of the ranges.
           (see also <ranges> parameter).

<facility> must be one of the 24 standard syslog facilities :

               kern   user   mail   daemon auth   syslog lpr    news
               uucp   cron   auth2  ftp    ntp    audit  alert  cron2
               local0 local1 local2 local3 local4 local5 local6 local7

           Note that the facility is ignored for the "short" and "raw"
           formats, but still required as a positional field. It is
           recommended to use "daemon" in this case to make it clear that
           it's only supposed to be used locally.

An optional level can be specified to filter outgoing messages. By default,
all messages are sent. If a maximum level is specified, only messages with a
severity at least as important as this level will be sent. An optional minimum
level can be specified. If it is set, logs emitted with a more severe level
than this one will be capped to this level. This is used to avoid sending
"emerg" messages on all terminals on some default syslog configurations.
Eight levels are known :

        emerg  alert  crit   err    warning notice info  debug

Sets the hostname field in the syslog header. If optional "string" parameter
is set the header is set to the string contents, otherwise uses the hostname
of the system. Generally used if one is not relaying logs through an
intermediate syslog server or for simply customizing the hostname printed in
the logs.

Sets the tag field in the syslog header to this string. It defaults to the
program name as launched from the command line, which usually is "haproxy".
Sometimes it can be useful to differentiate between multiple processes
running on the same host. See also the per-proxy "log-tag
This keyword is available in sections :
Process management and security
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" directive.

This global directive loads and executes a Lua file in the shared context
that is visible to all threads. Any variable set in such a context is visible
from any thread. This is the easiest and recommended way to load Lua programs
but it will not scale well if a lot of Lua calls are performed, as only one
thread may be running on the global state at a time. A program loaded this
way will always see 0 in the "core.thread" variable. This directive can be
used multiple times.

This global directive loads and executes a Lua file into each started thread.
Any global variable has a thread-local visibility so that each thread could
see a different value. As such it is strongly recommended not to use global
variables in programs loaded this way. An independent copy is loaded and
initialized for each thread, everything is done sequentially and in the
thread's numeric order from 1 to nbthread. If some operations need to be
performed only once, the program should check the "core.thread" variable to
figure what thread is being initialized. Programs loaded this way will run
concurrently on all threads and will be highly scalable. This is the
recommended way to load simple functions that register sample-fetches,
converters, actions or services once it is certain the program doesn't depend
on global variables. For the sake of simplicity, the directive is available
even if only one thread is used and even if threads are disabled (in which
case it will be equivalent to lua-load). This directive can be used multiple
times.

Prepends the given string followed by a semicolon to Lua's package.<type>
variable.
<type> must either be "path" or "cpath". If <type> is not given it defaults
to "path".

Lua's paths are semicolon delimited lists of patterns that specify how the
`require` function attempts to find the source file of a library. Question
marks (?) within a pattern will be replaced by module name. The path is
evaluated left to right. This implies that paths that are prepended later
will be checked earlier.

As an example by specifying the following path:

  lua-prepend-path /usr/share/haproxy-lua/?/init.lua
  lua-prepend-path /usr/share/haproxy-lua/?.lua

When `require "example"` is being called Lua will first attempt to load the
/usr/share/haproxy-lua/example.lua script, if that does not exist the
/usr/share/haproxy-lua/example/init.lua will be attempted and the default
paths if that does not exist either.

See https://www.lua.org/pil/8.1.html for the details within the Lua
documentation.

Master-worker mode. It is equivalent to the command line "-W" argument.
This mode will launch a "master" which will monitor the "workers". Using
this mode, you can reload HAProxy directly by sending a SIGUSR2 signal to
the master. The master-worker mode is compatible either with the foreground
or daemon mode.

By default, if a worker exits with a bad return code, in the case of a
segfault for example, all workers will be killed, and the master will leave.
It is convenient to combine this behavior with Restart=on-failure in a
systemd unit file in order to relaunch the whole process. If you don't want
this behavior, you must use the keyword "no-exit-on-failure".

See also "-W" in the management guide.

In master-worker mode, this option limits the number of time a worker can
survive to a reload. If the worker did not leave after a reload, once its
number of reloads is greater than this number, the worker will receive a
SIGTERM. This option helps to keep under control the number of workers.
See also "show proc" in the Management Guide.

This setting is only available when support for threads was built in. It
makes HAProxy run on <number> threads. "nbthread" also works when HAProxy is
started in foreground. On some platforms supporting CPU affinity, the default
"nbthread" value is automatically set to the number of CPUs the process is
bound to upon startup. This means that the thread count can easily be
adjusted from the calling process using commands like "taskset" or "cpuset".
Otherwise, this value defaults to 1. The default value is reported in the
output of "haproxy -vv".

If running on a NUMA-aware platform, HAProxy inspects on startup the CPU
topology of the machine. If a multi-socket machine is detected, the affinity
is automatically calculated to run on the CPUs of a single node. This is done
in order to not suffer from the performance penalties caused by the
inter-socket bus latency. However, if the applied binding is non optimal on a
particular architecture, it can be disabled with the statement 'no
numa-cpu-mapping'. This automatic binding is also not applied if a nbthread
statement is present in the configuration, or the affinity of the process is
already specified, for example via the 'cpu-map' directive or the taskset
utility.

Writes PIDs of all daemons into file <pidfile> when daemon mode or writes PID
of master process into file <pidfile> when master-worker mode. This option is
equivalent to the "-p" command line argument. The file must be accessible to
the user starting the process. See also "daemon" and "master-worker".

A bug in the PROXY protocol v2 implementation was present in HAProxy up to
version 2.1, causing it to emit a PROXY command instead of a LOCAL command
for health checks. This is particularly minor but confuses some servers'
logs. Sadly, the bug was discovered very late and revealed that some servers
which possibly only tested their PROXY protocol implementation against
HAProxy fail to properly handle the LOCAL command, and permanently remain in
the "down" state when HAProxy checks them. When this happens, it is possible
to enable this global option to revert to the older (bogus) behavior for the
time it takes to contact the affected components' vendors and get them fixed.
This option is disabled by default and acts on all servers having the
"send-proxy-v2" statement.

Sets environment variable <name> to value <value>. If the variable exists, it
is NOT overwritten. The changes immediately take effect so that the next line
in the configuration file sees the new value. See also "setenv", "resetenv",
and "unsetenv".

Removes all environment variables except the ones specified in argument. It
allows to use a clean controlled environment before setting new values with
setenv or unsetenv. Please note that some internal functions may make use of
some environment variables, such as time manipulation functions, but also
OpenSSL or even external checks. This must be used with extreme care and only
after complete validation. The changes immediately take effect so that the
next line in the configuration file sees the new environment. See also
"setenv", "presetenv", and "unsetenv".

Deprecated. Before threads were supported, this was used to force some stats
instances on certain processes only. The default and only accepted value is
"1" (along with "all" and "odd" which alias it). Do not use this setting.

Specifies the directory prefix to be prepended in front of all servers state
file names which do not start with a '/'. See also "server-state-file",
"load-server-state-from-file" and "server-state-file-name".

Specifies the path to the file containing state of servers. If the path starts
with a slash ('/'), it is considered absolute, otherwise it is considered
relative to the directory specified using "server-state-base" (if set) or to
the current directory. Before reloading HAProxy, it is possible to save the
servers' current state using the stats command "show servers state". The
output of this command must be written in the file pointed by <file>. When
starting up, before handling traffic, HAProxy will read, load and apply state
for each server found in the file and available in its current running
configuration. See also "server-state-base" and "show servers state",
"load-server-state-from-file" and "server-state-file-name"

This option is better left disabled by default and enabled only upon a
developer's request. If it has been enabled, it may still be forcibly
disabled by prefixing it with the "no" keyword. It has no impact on
performance nor stability but will try hard to re-enable core dumps that were
possibly disabled by file size limitations (ulimit -f), core size limitations
(ulimit -c), or "dumpability" of a process after changing its UID/GID (such
as /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable on Linux). Core dumps might still be limited by
the current directory's permissions (check what directory the file is started
from), the chroot directory's permission (it may be needed to temporarily
disable the chroot directive or to move it to a dedicated writable location),
or any other system-specific constraint. For example, some Linux flavours are
notorious for replacing the default core file with a path to an executable
not even installed on the system (check /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern). Often,
simply writing "core", "core.%p" or "/var/log/core/core.%p" addresses the
issue. When trying to enable this option waiting for a rare issue to
re-appear, it's often a good idea to first try to obtain such a dump by
issuing, for example, "kill -11" to the "haproxy" process and verify that it
leaves a core where expected when dying.

Sets the process-wide variable '<var-name>' to the result of the evaluation
of the sample expression <expr>. The variable '<var-name>' may only be a
process-wide variable (using the 'proc.' prefix). It works exactly like the
'set-var' action in TCP or HTTP rules except that the expression is evaluated
at configuration parsing time and that the variable is instantly set. The
sample fetch functions and converters permitted in the expression are only
those using internal data, typically 'int(value)' or 'str(value)'. It is
possible to reference previously allocated variables as well. These variables
will then be readable (and modifiable) from the regular rule sets.

global
    set-var proc.current_state str(primary)
    set-var proc.prio int(100)
    set-var proc.threshold int(200),sub(proc.prio)

Sets the process-wide variable '<var-name>' to the string resulting from the
evaluation of the log-format <fmt>. The variable '<var-name>' may only be a
process-wide variable (using the 'proc.' prefix). It works exactly like the
'set-var-fmt' action in TCP or HTTP rules except that the expression is
evaluated at configuration parsing time and that the variable is instantly
set. The sample fetch functions and converters permitted in the expression
are only those using internal data, typically 'int(value)' or 'str(value)'.
It is possible to reference previously allocated variables as well. These
variables will then be readable (and modifiable) from the regular rule sets.
Please see section 8.2.4 for details on the log-format syntax.

global
    set-var-fmt proc.current_state "primary"
    set-var-fmt proc.bootid        "%pid|%t"

Sets environment variable <name> to value <value>. If the variable exists, it
is overwritten. The changes immediately take effect so that the next line in
the configuration file sees the new value. See also "presetenv", "resetenv",
and "unsetenv".

This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It sets
the default string describing the list of cipher algorithms ("cipher suite")
that are negotiated during the SSL/TLS handshake up to TLSv1.2 for all
"bind
This keyword is available in sections :
Log forwarding
Peers
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" lines which do not explicitly define theirs. The format of the string
is defined in "man 1 ciphers" from OpenSSL man pages. For background
information and recommendations see e.g.
(https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS) and
(https://mozilla.github.io/server-side-tls/ssl-config-generator/). For TLSv1.3
cipher configuration, please check the "ssl-default-bind-ciphersuites" keyword.
Please check the "bind
This keyword is available in sections :
Log forwarding
Peers
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" keyword for more information.

This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in and
OpenSSL 1.1.1 or later was used to build HAProxy. It sets the default string
describing the list of cipher algorithms ("cipher suite") that are negotiated
during the TLSv1.3 handshake for all "bind
This keyword is available in sections :
Log forwarding
Peers
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" lines which do not explicitly define
theirs. The format of the string is defined in
"man 1 ciphers" from OpenSSL man pages under the section "ciphersuites
This keyword is available in sections :
Bind options
Server and default-server options". For
cipher configuration for TLSv1.2 and earlier, please check the
"ssl-default-bind-ciphers" keyword. Please check the "bind
This keyword is available in sections :
Log forwarding
Peers
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" keyword for more
information.

This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It sets
the default string describing the list of elliptic curves algorithms ("curve
suite") that are negotiated during the SSL/TLS handshake with ECDHE. The format
of the string is a colon-delimited list of curve name.
Please check the "bind
This keyword is available in sections :
Log forwarding
Peers
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" keyword for more information.

This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It sets
default ssl-options to force on all "bind
This keyword is available in sections :
Log forwarding
Peers
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" lines. Please check the "bind
This keyword is available in sections :
Log forwarding
Peers
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference"
keyword to see available options.

global
   ssl-default-bind-options ssl-min-ver TLSv1.0 no-tls-tickets

This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It
sets the default string describing the list of cipher algorithms that are
negotiated during the SSL/TLS handshake up to TLSv1.2 with the server,
for all "server
This keyword is available in sections :
Peers
Rings
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" lines which do not explicitly define theirs. The format of
the string is defined in "man 1 ciphers" from OpenSSL man pages. For background
information and recommendations see e.g.
(https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS) and
(https://mozilla.github.io/server-side-tls/ssl-config-generator/).
For TLSv1.3 cipher configuration, please check the
"ssl-default-server-ciphersuites" keyword. Please check the "server
This keyword is available in sections :
Peers
Rings
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" keyword
for more information.

This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in and
OpenSSL 1.1.1 or later was used to build HAProxy. It sets the default
string describing the list of cipher algorithms that are negotiated during
the TLSv1.3 handshake with the server, for all "server
This keyword is available in sections :
Peers
Rings
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" lines which do not
explicitly define theirs. The format of the string is defined in
"man 1 ciphers" from OpenSSL man pages under the section "ciphersuites
This keyword is available in sections :
Bind options
Server and default-server options". For
cipher configuration for TLSv1.2 and earlier, please check the
"ssl-default-server-ciphers" keyword. Please check the "server
This keyword is available in sections :
Peers
Rings
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" keyword for
more information.

This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It sets
default ssl-options to force on all "server
This keyword is available in sections :
Peers
Rings
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" lines. Please check the "server
This keyword is available in sections :
Peers
Rings
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference"
keyword to see available options.

This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in. It sets
the default DH parameters that are used during the SSL/TLS handshake when
ephemeral Diffie-Hellman (DHE) key exchange is used, for all "bind
This keyword is available in sections :
Log forwarding
Peers
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" lines
which do not explicitly define theirs. It will be overridden by custom DH
parameters found in a bind certificate file if any. If custom DH parameters
are not specified either by using ssl-dh-param-file or by setting them
directly in the certificate file, DHE ciphers will not be used, unless
tune.ssl.default-dh-param is set. In this latter case, pre-defined DH
parameters of the specified size will be used. Custom parameters are known to
be more secure and therefore their use is recommended.
Custom DH parameters may be generated by using the OpenSSL command
"openssl dhparam <size>", where size should be at least 2048, as 1024-bit DH
parameters should not be considered secure anymore.

This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in and when
OpenSSL's version is at least 3.0. It allows to define a default property
string used when fetching algorithms in providers. It behave the same way as
the openssl propquery option and it follows the same syntax (described in
https://www.openssl.org/docs/man3.0/man7/property.html). For instance, if you
have two providers loaded, the foo one and the default one, the propquery
"?provider=foo" allows to pick the algorithm implementations provided by the
foo provider by default, and to fallback on the default provider's one if it
was not found.

This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in and when
OpenSSL's version is at least 3.0. It allows to load a provider during init.
If loading is successful, any capabilities provided by the loaded provider
might be used by HAProxy. Multiple 'ssl-provider' options can be specified in
a configuration file. The providers will be loaded in their order of
appearance.

Please note that loading a provider explicitly prevents OpenSSL from loading
the 'default' provider automatically. OpenSSL also allows to define the
providers that should be loaded directly in its configuration file
(openssl.cnf for instance) so it is not necessary to use this 'ssl-provider'
option to load providers. The "show ssl providers" CLI command can be used to
show all the providers that were successfully loaded.

The default search path of OpenSSL provider can be found in the output of the
"openssl version -a" command. If the provider is in another directory, you
can set the OPENSSL_MODULES environment variable, which takes the directory
where your provider can be found.

See also "ssl-propquery" and "ssl-provider-path".

This setting is only available when support for OpenSSL was built in and when
OpenSSL's version is at least 3.0. It allows to specify the search path that
is to be used by OpenSSL for looking for providers. It behaves the same way
as the OPENSSL_MODULES environment variable. It will be used for any
following 'ssl-provider' option or until a new 'ssl-provider-path' is
defined.
See also "ssl-provider".

This setting allows to configure the way HAProxy does the lookup for the
extra SSL files. By default HAProxy adds a new extension to the filename.
(ex: with "foobar.crt" load "foobar.crt.key"). With this option enabled,
HAProxy removes the extension before adding the new one (ex: with
"foobar.crt" load "foobar.key").

Your crt file must have a ".crt" extension for this option to work.

This option is not compatible with bundle extensions (.ecdsa, .rsa. .dsa)
and won't try to remove them.

This option is disabled by default. See also "ssl-load-extra-files".

This setting alters the way HAProxy will look for unspecified files during
the loading of the SSL certificates. This option applies to certificates
associated to "bind
This keyword is available in sections :
Log forwarding
Peers
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" lines as well as "server
This keyword is available in sections :
Peers
Rings
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" lines but some of the extra
files will not have any functional impact for "server
This keyword is available in sections :
Peers
Rings
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" line certificates.

By default, HAProxy discovers automatically a lot of files not specified in
the configuration, and you may want to disable this behavior if you want to
optimize the startup time.

"none": Only load the files specified in the configuration. Don't try to load
a certificate bundle if the file does not exist. In the case of a directory,
it won't try to bundle the certificates if they have the same basename.

"all": This is the default behavior, it will try to load everything,
bundles, sctl, ocsp, issuer, key.

"bundle": When a file specified in the configuration does not exist, HAProxy
will try to load a "cert bundle". Certificate bundles are only managed on the
frontend side and will not work for backend certificates.

Starting from HAProxy 2.3, the bundles are not loaded in the same OpenSSL
certificate store, instead it will loads each certificate in a separate
store which is equivalent to declaring multiple "crt
This keyword is available in sections :
Bind options
Server and default-server options". OpenSSL 1.1.1 is
required to achieve this. Which means that bundles are now used only for
backward compatibility and are not mandatory anymore to do an hybrid RSA/ECC
bind configuration.

To associate these PEM files into a "cert bundle" that is recognized by
HAProxy, they must be named in the following way: All PEM files that are to
be bundled must have the same base name, with a suffix indicating the key
type. Currently, three suffixes are supported: rsa, dsa and ecdsa. For
example, if www.example.com has two PEM files, an RSA file and an ECDSA
file, they must be named: "example.pem.rsa" and "example.pem.ecdsa". The
first part of the filename is arbitrary; only the suffix matters. To load
this bundle into HAProxy, specify the base name only:

bind :8443 ssl crt example.pem

Note that the suffix is not given to HAProxy; this tells HAProxy to look for
a cert bundle.

HAProxy will load all PEM files in the bundle as if they were configured
separately in several "crt
This keyword is available in sections :
Bind options
Server and default-server options".

The bundle loading does not have an impact anymore on the directory loading
since files are loading separately.

On the CLI, bundles are seen as separate files, and the bundle extension is
required to commit them.

OCSP files (.ocsp), issuer files (.issuer), Certificate Transparency (.sctl)
as well as private keys (.key) are supported with multi-cert bundling.

"sctl": Try to load "<basename>.sctl" for each crt keyword. If provided for
a backend certificate, it will be loaded but will not have any functional
impact.

"ocsp": Try to load "<basename>.ocsp" for each crt keyword. If provided for
a backend certificate, it will be loaded but will not have any functional
impact.

"issuer": Try to load "<basename>.issuer" if the issuer of the OCSP file is
not provided in the PEM file. If provided for a backend certificate, it will
be loaded but will not have any functional impact.

"key": If the private key was not provided by the PEM file, try to load a
file "<basename>.key" containing a private key.

The default behavior is "all".

ssl-load-extra-files bundle sctl
ssl-load-extra-files sctl ocsp issuer
ssl-load-extra-files none

The default behavior for SSL verify on servers side. If specified to 'none',
servers certificates are not verified. The default is 'required' except if
forced using cmdline option '-dV'.

Self issued CA, aka x509 root CA, is the anchor for chain validation: as a
server is useless to send it, client must have it. Standard configuration
need to not include such CA in PEM file. This option allows you to keep such
CA in PEM file without sending it to the client. Use case is to provide
issuer for ocsp without the need for '.issuer' file and be able to share it
with 'issuers-chain-path'. This concerns all certificates without intermediate
certificates. It's useless for BoringSSL, .issuer is ignored because ocsp
bits does not need it. Requires at least OpenSSL 1.0.2.

By default, the stats socket is limited to 10 concurrent connections. It is
possible to change this value with "stats maxconn".

Binds a UNIX socket to <path> or a TCPv4/v6 address to <address:port>.
Connections to this socket will return various statistics outputs and even
allow some commands to be issued to change some runtime settings. Please
consult section 9.3 "Unix Socket commands" of Management Guide for more
details.

All parameters supported by "bind
This keyword is available in sections :
Log forwarding
Peers
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" lines are supported, for instance to
restrict access to some users or their access rights. Please consult
section 5.1 for more information.

The default timeout on the stats socket is set to 10 seconds. It is possible
to change this value with "stats timeout". The value must be passed in
milliseconds, or be suffixed by a time unit among { us, ms, s, m, h, d }.

Makes process fail at startup when a setrlimit fails. HAProxy tries to set the
best setrlimit according to what has been calculated. If it fails, it will
emit a warning. This option is here to guarantee an explicit failure of
HAProxy when those limits fail. It is enabled by default. It may still be
forcibly disabled by prefixing it with the "no" keyword.

This setting is only available when support for threads was built in. It
enumerates the list of threads that will compose thread group <group>.
Thread numbers and group numbers start at 1. Thread ranges are defined either
using a single thread number at once, or by specifying the lower and upper
bounds delimited by a dash '-' (e.g. "1-16"). Unassigned threads will be
automatically assigned to unassigned thread groups, and thread groups
defined with this directive will never receive more threads than those
defined. Defining the same group multiple times overrides previous
definitions with the new one. See also "nbthread" and "thread-groups".

This setting is only available when support for threads was built in. It
makes HAProxy split its threads into <number> independent groups. At the
moment, the limit is 1 and is also the default value. See also "nbthread".

Changes the process's user ID to <number>. It is recommended that the user ID
is dedicated to HAProxy or to a small set of similar daemons. HAProxy must
be started with superuser privileges in order to be able to switch to another
one. See also "gid
This keyword is available in sections :
Process management and security
Bind options" and "user
This keyword is available in sections :
Process management and security
Userlists
Programs
Bind options".

Sets the maximum number of per-process file-descriptors to <number>. By
default, it is automatically computed, so it is recommended not to use this
option. If the intent is only to limit the number of file descriptors, better
use "fd-hard-limit" instead.

Note that the dynamic servers are not taken into account in this automatic
resource calculation. If using a large number of them, it may be needed to
manually specify this value.

Fixes common settings to UNIX listening sockets declared in "bind
This keyword is available in sections :
Log forwarding
Peers
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" statements.
This is mainly used to simplify declaration of those UNIX sockets and reduce
the risk of errors, since those settings are most commonly required but are
also process-specific. The <prefix> setting can be used to force all socket
path to be relative to that directory. This might be needed to access another
component's chroot. Note that those paths are resolved before HAProxy chroots
itself, so they are absolute. The <mode>, <user>, <uid>, <group> and <gid>
all have the same meaning as their homonyms used by the "bind
This keyword is available in sections :
Log forwarding
Peers
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" statement. If
both are specified, the "bind
This keyword is available in sections :
Log forwarding
Peers
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" statement has priority, meaning that the
"unix-bind" settings may be seen as process-wide default settings.

Removes environment variables specified in arguments. This can be useful to
hide some sensitive information that are occasionally inherited from the
user's environment during some operations. Variables which did not exist are
silently ignored so that after the operation, it is certain that none of
these variables remain. The changes immediately take effect so that the next
line in the configuration file will not see these variables. See also
"setenv", "presetenv", and "resetenv".

Similar to "uid
This keyword is available in sections :
Process management and security
Bind options" but uses the UID of user name <user name> from /etc/passwd.
See also "uid
This keyword is available in sections :
Process management and security
Bind options" and "group
This keyword is available in sections :
Process management and security
Userlists
Programs
Bind options".

Only letters, digits, hyphen and underscore are allowed, like in DNS names.

This statement is useful in HA configurations where two or more processes or
servers share the same IP address. By setting a different node-name on all
nodes, it becomes easy to immediately spot what server is handling the
traffic.

Sets the WURFL Useragent cache size. For faster lookups, already processed user
agents are kept in a LRU cache :
- "0"     : no cache is used.
- <size>  : size of lru cache in elements.

Please note that this option is only available when HAProxy has been compiled
with USE_WURFL=1.

The path of the WURFL data file to provide device detection services. The
file should be accessible by HAProxy with relevant permissions.

Please note that this option is only available when HAProxy has been compiled
with USE_WURFL=1.

A space-delimited list of WURFL capabilities, virtual capabilities, property
names we plan to use in injected headers. A full list of capability and
virtual capability names is available on the Scientiamobile website :

    https://www.scientiamobile.com/wurflCapability

Valid WURFL properties are:
- wurfl_id                    Contains the device ID of the matched device.

- wurfl_root_id               Contains the device root ID of the matched
                              device.

- wurfl_isdevroot             Tells if the matched device is a root device.
                              Possible values are "TRUE" or "FALSE".

- wurfl_useragent             The original useragent coming with this
                              particular web request.

- wurfl_api_version           Contains a string representing the currently
                              used Libwurfl API version.

- wurfl_info                  A string containing information on the parsed
                              wurfl.xml and its full path.

- wurfl_last_load_time        Contains the UNIX timestamp of the last time
                              WURFL has been loaded successfully.

- wurfl_normalized_useragent  The normalized useragent.

Please note that this option is only available when HAProxy has been compiled
with USE_WURFL=1.

A char that will be used to separate values in a response header containing
WURFL results. If not set that a comma (',') will be used by default.

Please note that this option is only available when HAProxy has been compiled
with USE_WURFL=1.

A list of WURFL patch file paths. Note that patches are loaded during startup
thus before the chroot.

Please note that this option is only available when HAProxy has been compiled
with USE_WURFL=1.

In some situations, especially when dealing with low latency on processors
supporting a variable frequency or when running inside virtual machines, each
time the process waits for an I/O using the poller, the processor goes back
to sleep or is offered to another VM for a long time, and it causes
excessively high latencies. This option provides a solution preventing the
processor from sleeping by always using a null timeout on the pollers. This
results in a significant latency reduction (30 to 100 microseconds observed)
at the expense of a risk to overheat the processor. It may even be used with
threads, in which case improperly bound threads may heavily conflict,
resulting in a worse performance and high values for the CPU stolen fields
in "show info" output, indicating which threads are misconfigured. It is
important not to let the process run on the same processor as the network
interrupts when this option is used. It is also better to avoid using it on
multiple CPU threads sharing the same core. This option is disabled by
default. If it has been enabled, it may still be forcibly disabled by
prefixing it with the "no" keyword. It is ignored by the "select" and
"poll" pollers.

This option is automatically disabled on old processes in the context of
seamless reload; it avoids too much cpu conflicts when multiple processes
stay around for some time waiting for the end of their current connections.

By default, HAProxy tries to spread the start of health checks across the
smallest health check interval of all the servers in a farm. The principle is
to avoid hammering services running on the same server. But when using large
check intervals (10 seconds or more), the last servers in the farm take some
time before starting to be tested, which can be a problem. This parameter is
used to enforce an upper bound on delay between the first and the last check,
even if the servers' check intervals are larger. When servers run with
shorter intervals, their intervals will be respected though.

Sets the maximum CPU usage HAProxy can reach before stopping the compression
for new requests or decreasing the compression level of current requests.
It works like 'maxcomprate' but measures CPU usage instead of incoming data
bandwidth. The value is expressed in percent of the CPU used by HAProxy. A
value of 100 disable the limit. The default value is 100. Setting a lower
value will prevent the compression work from slowing the whole process down
and from introducing high latencies.

Sets the maximum per-process input compression rate to <number> kilobytes
per second. For each session, if the maximum is reached, the compression
level will be decreased during the session. If the maximum is reached at the
beginning of a session, the session will not compress at all. If the maximum
is not reached, the compression level will be increased up to
tune.comp.maxlevel. A value of zero means there is no limit, this is the
default value.

Sets the maximum per-process number of concurrent connections to <number>. It
is equivalent to the command-line argument "-n". Proxies will stop accepting
connections when this limit is reached. The "ulimit-n" parameter is
automatically adjusted according to this value. See also "ulimit-n". Note:
the "select" poller cannot reliably use more than 1024 file descriptors on
some platforms. If your platform only supports select and reports "select
FAILED" on startup, you need to reduce maxconn until it works (slightly
below 500 in general). If this value is not set, it will automatically be
calculated based on the current file descriptors limit reported by the
"ulimit -n" command, possibly reduced to a lower value if a memory limit
is enforced, based on the buffer size, memory allocated to compression, SSL
cache size, and use or not of SSL and the associated maxsslconn (which can
also be automatic). In any case, the fd-hard-limit applies if set.

Sets the maximum per-process number of connections per second to <number>.
Proxies will stop accepting connections when this limit is reached. It can be
used to limit the global capacity regardless of each frontend capacity. It is
important to note that this can only be used as a service protection measure,
as there will not necessarily be a fair share between frontends when the
limit is reached, so it's a good idea to also limit each frontend to some
value close to its expected share. Also, lowering tune.maxaccept can improve
fairness.

Sets the maximum per-process number of pipes to <number>. Currently, pipes
are only used by kernel-based tcp splicing. Since a pipe contains two file
descriptors, the "ulimit-n" value will be increased accordingly. The default
value is maxconn/4, which seems to be more than enough for most heavy usages.
The splice code dynamically allocates and releases pipes, and can fall back
to standard copy, so setting this value too low may only impact performance.

Sets the maximum per-process number of sessions per second to <number>.
Proxies will stop accepting connections when this limit is reached. It can be
used to limit the global capacity regardless of each frontend capacity. It is
important to note that this can only be used as a service protection measure,
as there will not necessarily be a fair share between frontends when the
limit is reached, so it's a good idea to also limit each frontend to some
value close to its expected share. Also, lowering tune.maxaccept can improve
fairness.

Sets the maximum per-process number of concurrent SSL connections to
<number>. By default there is no SSL-specific limit, which means that the
global maxconn setting will apply to all connections. Setting this limit
avoids having openssl use too much memory and crash when malloc returns NULL
(since it unfortunately does not reliably check for such conditions). Note
that the limit applies both to incoming and outgoing connections, so one
connection which is deciphered then ciphered accounts for 2 SSL connections.
If this value is not set, but a memory limit is enforced, this value will be
automatically computed based on the memory limit, maxconn,  the buffer size,
memory allocated to compression, SSL cache size, and use of SSL in either
frontends, backends or both. If neither maxconn nor maxsslconn are specified
when there is a memory limit, HAProxy will automatically adjust these values
so that 100% of the connections can be made over SSL with no risk, and will
consider the sides where it is enabled (frontend, backend, both).

Sets the maximum per-process number of SSL sessions per second to <number>.
SSL listeners will stop accepting connections when this limit is reached. It
can be used to limit the global SSL CPU usage regardless of each frontend
capacity. It is important to note that this can only be used as a service
protection measure, as there will not necessarily be a fair share between
frontends when the limit is reached, so it's a good idea to also limit each
frontend to some value close to its expected share. It is also important to
note that the sessions are accounted before they enter the SSL stack and not
after, which also protects the stack against bad handshakes. Also, lowering
tune.maxaccept can improve fairness.

Sets the maximum amount of RAM in megabytes per process usable by the zlib.
When the maximum amount is reached, future sessions will not compress as long
as RAM is unavailable. When sets to 0, there is no limit.
The default value is 0. The value is available in bytes on the UNIX socket
with "show info" on the line "MaxZlibMemUsage", the memory used by zlib is
"ZlibMemUsage" in bytes.

Disables memory trimming ("malloc_trim") at a few moments where attempts are
made to reclaim lots of memory (on memory shortage or on reload). Trimming
memory forces the system's allocator to scan all unused areas and to release
them. This is generally seen as nice action to leave more available memory to
a new process while the old one is unlikely to make significant use of it.
But some systems dealing with tens to hundreds of thousands of concurrent
connections may experience a lot of memory fragmentation, that may render
this release operation extremely long. During this time, no more traffic
passes through the process, new connections are not accepted anymore, some
health checks may even fail, and the watchdog may even trigger and kill the
unresponsive process, leaving a huge core dump. If this ever happens, then it
is suggested to use this option to disable trimming and stop trying to be
nice with the new process. Note that advanced memory allocators usually do
not suffer from such a problem.

Disables the use of the "epoll" event polling system on Linux. It is
equivalent to the command-line argument "-de". The next polling system
used will generally be "poll". See also "nopoll".

Disables the use of the event ports event polling system on SunOS systems
derived from Solaris 10 and later. It is equivalent to the command-line
argument "-dv". The next polling system used will generally be "poll". See
also "nopoll".

Disables the use of getaddrinfo(3) for name resolving. It is equivalent to
the command line argument "-dG". Deprecated gethostbyname(3) will be used.

Disables the use of the "kqueue" event polling system on BSD. It is
equivalent to the command-line argument "-dk". The next polling system
used will generally be "poll". See also "nopoll".

Disables the use of the "poll" event polling system. It is equivalent to the
command-line argument "-dp". The next polling system used will be "select".
It should never be needed to disable "poll" since it's available on all
platforms supported by HAProxy. See also "nokqueue", "noepoll" and
"noevports".

Disables the use of SO_REUSEPORT - see socket(7). It is equivalent to the
command line argument "-dR".

Disables the use of kernel tcp splicing between sockets on Linux. It is
equivalent to the command line argument "-dS". Data will then be copied
using conventional and more portable recv/send calls. Kernel tcp splicing is
limited to some very recent instances of kernel 2.6. Most versions between
2.6.25 and 2.6.28 are buggy and will forward corrupted data, so they must not
be used. This option makes it easier to globally disable kernel splicing in
case of doubt. See also "option splice-auto", "option splice-request" and
"option splice-response".

Enables ('on') or disables ('off') per-function memory profiling. This will
keep usage statistics of malloc/calloc/realloc/free calls anywhere in the
process (including libraries) which will be reported on the CLI using the
"show profiling" command. This is essentially meant to be used when an
abnormal memory usage is observed that cannot be explained by the pools and
other info are required. The performance hit will typically be around 1%,
maybe a bit more on highly threaded machines, so it is normally suitable for
use in production. The same may be achieved at run time on the CLI using the
"set profiling memory" command, please consult the management manual.

Enables ('on') or disables ('off') per-task CPU profiling. When set to 'auto'
the profiling automatically turns on a thread when it starts to suffer from
an average latency of 1000 microseconds or higher as reported in the
"avg_loop_us" activity field, and automatically turns off when the latency
returns below 990 microseconds (this value is an average over the last 1024
loops so it does not vary quickly and tends to significantly smooth short
spikes). It may also spontaneously trigger from time to time on overloaded
systems, containers, or virtual machines, or when the system swaps (which
must absolutely never happen on a load balancer).

CPU profiling per task can be very convenient to report where the time is
spent and which requests have what effect on which other request. Enabling
it will typically affect the overall's performance by less than 1%, thus it
is recommended to leave it to the default 'auto' value so that it only
operates when a problem is identified. This feature requires a system
supporting the clock_gettime(2) syscall with clock identifiers
CLOCK_MONOTONIC and CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID, otherwise the reported time will
be zero. This option may be changed at run time using "set profiling" on the
CLI.

Sometimes it is desirable to avoid sending agent and health checks to
servers at exact intervals, for instance when many logical servers are
located on the same physical server. With the help of this parameter, it
becomes possible to add some randomness in the check interval between 0
and +/- 50%. A value between 2 and 5 seems to show good results. The
default value remains at 0.

Sets the OpenSSL engine to <name>. List of valid values for <name> may be
obtained using the command "openssl engine". This statement may be used
multiple times, it will simply enable multiple crypto engines. Referencing an
unsupported engine will prevent HAProxy from starting. Note that many engines
will lead to lower HTTPS performance than pure software with recent
processors. The optional command "algo" sets the default algorithms an ENGINE
will supply using the OPENSSL function ENGINE_set_default_string(). A value
of "ALL" uses the engine for all cryptographic operations. If no list of
algo is specified then the value of "ALL" is used. A comma-separated list
of different algorithms may be specified, including: RSA, DSA, DH, EC, RAND,
CIPHERS, DIGESTS, PKEY, PKEY_CRYPTO, PKEY_ASN1. This is the same format that
openssl configuration file uses:
https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.0.2/apps/config.html

Adds SSL_MODE_ASYNC mode to the SSL context. This enables asynchronous TLS
I/O operations if asynchronous capable SSL engines are used. The current
implementation supports a maximum of 32 engines. The Openssl ASYNC API
doesn't support moving read/write buffers and is not compliant with
HAProxy's buffer management. So the asynchronous mode is disabled on
read/write  operations (it is only enabled during initial and renegotiation
handshakes).

Sets a hard limit on the number of buffers which may be allocated per process.
The default value is zero which means unlimited. The minimum non-zero value
will always be greater than "tune.buffers.reserve" and should ideally always
be about twice as large. Forcing this value can be particularly useful to
limit the amount of memory a process may take, while retaining a sane
behavior. When this limit is reached, sessions which need a buffer wait for
another one to be released by another session. Since buffers are dynamically
allocated and released, the waiting time is very short and not perceptible
provided that limits remain reasonable. In fact sometimes reducing the limit
may even increase performance by increasing the CPU cache's efficiency. Tests
have shown good results on average HTTP traffic with a limit to 1/10 of the
expected global maxconn setting, which also significantly reduces memory
usage. The memory savings come from the fact that a number of connections
will not allocate 2*tune.bufsize. It is best not to touch this value unless
advised to do so by an HAProxy core developer.

Sets the number of buffers which are pre-allocated and reserved for use only
during memory shortage conditions resulting in failed memory allocations. The
minimum value is 2 and is also the default. There is no reason a user would
want to change this value, it's mostly aimed at HAProxy core developers.

Sets the buffer size to this size (in bytes). Lower values allow more
sessions to coexist in the same amount of RAM, and higher values allow some
applications with very large cookies to work. The default value is 16384 and
can be changed at build time. It is strongly recommended not to change this
from the default value, as very low values will break some services such as
statistics, and values larger than default size will increase memory usage,
possibly causing the system to run out of memory. At least the global maxconn
parameter should be decreased by the same factor as this one is increased. In
addition, use of HTTP/2 mandates that this value must be 16384 or more. If an
HTTP request is larger than (tune.bufsize - tune.maxrewrite), HAProxy will
return HTTP 400 (Bad Request) error. Similarly if an HTTP response is larger
than this size, HAProxy will return HTTP 502 (Bad Gateway). Note that the
value set using this parameter will automatically be rounded up to the next
multiple of 8 on 32-bit machines and 16 on 64-bit machines.

Sets the maximum compression level. The compression level affects CPU
usage during compression. This value affects CPU usage during compression.
Each session using compression initializes the compression algorithm with
this value. The default value is 1.

If compiled with DEBUG_FAIL_ALLOC or started with "-dMfail", gives the
percentage of chances an allocation attempt fails. Must be between 0 (no
failure) and 100 (no success). This is useful to debug and make sure memory
failures are handled gracefully.

Enables ('on') or disables ('off') the edge-triggered polling mode for FDs
that support it. This is currently only support with epoll. It may noticeably
reduce the number of epoll_ctl() calls and slightly improve performance in
certain scenarios. This is still experimental, it may result in frozen
connections if bugs are still present, and is disabled by default.

Sets the HTTP/2 dynamic header table size. It defaults to 4096 bytes and
cannot be larger than 65536 bytes. A larger value may help certain clients
send more compact requests, depending on their capabilities. This amount of
memory is consumed for each HTTP/2 connection. It is recommended not to
change it.

Sets the HTTP/2 initial window size, which is the number of bytes the client
can upload before waiting for an acknowledgment from HAProxy. This setting
only affects payload contents (i.e. the body of POST requests), not headers.
The default value is 65535, which roughly allows up to 5 Mbps of upload
bandwidth per client over a network showing a 100 ms ping time, or 500 Mbps
over a 1-ms local network. It can make sense to increase this value to allow
faster uploads, or to reduce it to increase fairness when dealing with many
clients. It doesn't affect resource usage.

Sets the HTTP/2 maximum number of concurrent streams per connection (ie the
number of outstanding requests on a single connection). The default value is
100. A larger one may slightly improve page load time for complex sites when
visited over high latency networks, but increases the amount of resources a
single client may allocate. A value of zero disables the limit so a single
client may create as many streams as allocatable by HAProxy. It is highly
recommended not to change this value.

Sets the HTTP/2 maximum frame size that HAProxy announces it is willing to
receive to its peers. The default value is the largest between 16384 and the
buffer size (tune.bufsize). In any case, HAProxy will not announce support
for frame sizes larger than buffers. The main purpose of this setting is to
allow to limit the maximum frame size setting when using large buffers. Too
large frame sizes might have performance impact or cause some peers to
misbehave. It is highly recommended not to change this value.

Sets the maximum length of captured cookies. This is the maximum value that
the "capture cookie xxx len yyy" will be allowed to take, and any upper value
will automatically be truncated to this one. It is important not to set too
high a value because all cookie captures still allocate this size whatever
their configured value (they share a same pool). This value is per request
per response, so the memory allocated is twice this value per connection.
When not specified, the limit is set to 63 characters. It is recommended not
to change this value.

Sets the maximum length of request URI in logs. This prevents truncating long
request URIs with valuable query strings in log lines. This is not related
to syslog limits. If you increase this limit, you may also increase the
'log ... len yyy' parameter. Your syslog daemon may also need specific
configuration directives too.
The default value is 1024.

Sets the maximum number of headers in a request. When a request comes with a
number of headers greater than this value (including the first line), it is
rejected with a "400 Bad Request" status code. Similarly, too large responses
are blocked with "502 Bad Gateway". The default value is 101, which is enough
for all usages, considering that the widely deployed Apache server uses the
same limit. It can be useful to push this limit further to temporarily allow
a buggy application to work by the time it gets fixed. The accepted range is
1..32767. Keep in mind that each new header consumes 32bits of memory for
each session, so don't push this limit too high.

Enables ('on') or disables ('off') sharing of idle connection pools between
threads for a same server. The default is to share them between threads in
order to minimize the number of persistent connections to a server, and to
optimize the connection reuse rate. But to help with debugging or when
suspecting a bug in HAProxy around connection reuse, it can be convenient to
forcefully disable this idle pool sharing between multiple threads, and force
this option to "off". The default is on. It is strongly recommended against
disabling this option without setting a conservative value on "pool-low-conn"
for all servers relying on connection reuse to achieve a high performance
level, otherwise connections might be closed very often as the thread count
increases.

Sets the duration after which HAProxy will consider that an empty buffer is
probably associated with an idle stream. This is used to optimally adjust
some packet sizes while forwarding large and small data alternatively. The
decision to use splice() or to send large buffers in SSL is modulated by this
parameter. The value is in milliseconds between 0 and 65535. A value of zero
means that HAProxy will not try to detect idle streams. The default is 1000,
which seems to correctly detect end user pauses (e.g. read a page before
clicking). There should be no reason for changing this value. Please check
tune.ssl.maxrecord below.

Enables ('on') or disables ('off') the listener's multi-queue accept which
spreads the incoming traffic to all threads a "bind
This keyword is available in sections :
Log forwarding
Peers
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" line is allowed to run
on instead of taking them for itself. This provides a smoother traffic
distribution and scales much better, especially in environments where threads
may be unevenly loaded due to external activity (network interrupts colliding
with one thread for example). This option is enabled by default, but it may
be forcefully disabled for troubleshooting or for situations where it is
estimated that the operating system already provides a good enough
distribution and connections are extremely short-lived.

This directive forces the Lua engine to execute a yield each <number> of
instructions executed. This permits interrupting a long script and allows the
HAProxy scheduler to process other tasks like accepting connections or
forwarding traffic. The default value is 10000 instructions. If HAProxy often
executes some Lua code but more responsiveness is required, this value can be
lowered. If the Lua code is quite long and its result is absolutely required
to process the data, the <number> can be increased.

Sets the maximum amount of RAM in megabytes per process usable by Lua. By
default it is zero which means unlimited. It is important to set a limit to
ensure that a bug in a script will not result in the system running out of
memory.

This is the execution timeout for the Lua sessions. This is useful for
preventing infinite loops or spending too much time in Lua. This timeout
counts only the pure Lua runtime. If the Lua does a sleep, the sleep is
not taken in account. The default timeout is 4s.

This is the execution timeout for the Lua services. This is useful for
preventing infinite loops or spending too much time in Lua. This timeout
counts only the pure Lua runtime. If the Lua does a sleep, the sleep is
not taken in account. The default timeout is 4s.

Purpose is the same as "tune.lua.session-timeout", but this timeout is
dedicated to the tasks. By default, this timeout isn't set because a task may
remain alive during of the lifetime of HAProxy. For example, a task used to
check servers.

Sets the maximum number of consecutive connections a process may accept in a
row before switching to other work. In single process mode, higher numbers
used to give better performance at high connection rates, though this is not
the case anymore with the multi-queue. This value applies individually to
each listener, so that the number of processes a listener is bound to is
taken into account. This value defaults to 4 which showed best results. If a
significantly higher value was inherited from an ancient config, it might be
worth removing it as it will both increase performance and lower response
time. In multi-process mode, it is divided by twice the number of processes
the listener is bound to. Setting this value to -1 completely disables the
limitation. It should normally not be needed to tweak this value.

Sets the maximum amount of events that can be processed at once in a call to
the polling system. The default value is adapted to the operating system. It
has been noticed that reducing it below 200 tends to slightly decrease
latency at the expense of network bandwidth, and increasing it above 200
tends to trade latency for slightly increased bandwidth.

Sets the reserved buffer space to this size in bytes. The reserved space is
used for header rewriting or appending. The first reads on sockets will never
fill more than bufsize-maxrewrite. Historically it has defaulted to half of
bufsize, though that does not make much sense since there are rarely large
numbers of headers to add. Setting it too high prevents processing of large
requests or responses. Setting it too low prevents addition of new headers
to already large requests or to POST requests. It is generally wise to set it
to about 1024. It is automatically readjusted to half of bufsize if it is
larger than that. This means you don't have to worry about it when changing
bufsize.

Sets the size of the pattern lookup cache to <number> entries. This is an LRU
cache which reminds previous lookups and their results. It is used by ACLs
and maps on slow pattern lookups, namely the ones using the "sub", "reg",
"dir", "dom", "end", "bin" match methods as well as the case-insensitive
strings. It applies to pattern expressions which means that it will be able
to memorize the result of a lookup among all the patterns specified on a
configuration line (including all those loaded from files). It automatically
invalidates entries which are updated using HTTP actions or on the CLI. The
default cache size is set to 10000 entries, which limits its footprint to
about 5 MB per process/thread on 32-bit systems and 8 MB per process/thread
on 64-bit systems, as caches are thread/process local. There is a very low
risk of collision in this cache, which is in the order of the size of the
cache divided by 2^64. Typically, at 10000 requests per second with the
default cache size of 10000 entries, there's 1% chance that a brute force
attack could cause a single collision after 60 years, or 0.1% after 6 years.
This is considered much lower than the risk of a memory corruption caused by
aging components. If this is not acceptable, the cache can be disabled by
setting this parameter to 0.

Sets the maximum number of stick-table updates that haproxy will try to
process at once when sending messages. Retrieving the data for these updates
requires some locking operations which can be CPU intensive on highly
threaded machines if unbound, and may also increase the traffic latency
during the initial batched transfer between an older and a newer process.
Conversely low values may also incur higher CPU overhead, and take longer
to complete. The default value is 200 and it is suggested not to change it.

Sets the kernel pipe buffer size to this size (in bytes). By default, pipes
are the default size for the system. But sometimes when using TCP splicing,
it can improve performance to increase pipe sizes, especially if it is
suspected that pipes are not filled and that many calls to splice() are
performed. This has an impact on the kernel's memory footprint, so this must
not be changed if impacts are not understood.

This setting sets the max number of file descriptors (in percentage) used by
HAProxy globally against the maximum number of file descriptors HAProxy can
use before we start killing idle connections when we can't reuse a connection
and we have to create a new one. The default is 25 (one quarter of the file
descriptor will mean that roughly half of the maximum front connections can
keep an idle connection behind, anything beyond this probably doesn't make
much sense in the general case when targeting connection reuse).

This setting sets the max number of file descriptors (in percentage) used by
HAProxy globally against the maximum number of file descriptors HAProxy can
use before we stop putting connection into the idle pool for reuse. The
default is 20.

Warning: QUIC support in HAProxy is currently experimental. Configuration may
change without deprecation in the future.

This settings defines the maximum number of buffers allocated for a QUIC
connection on data emission. By default, it is set to 30. QUIC buffers are
drained on ACK reception. This setting has a direct impact on the throughput
and memory consumption and can be adjusted according to an estimated round
time-trip. Each buffer is tune.bufsize.

Warning: QUIC support in HAProxy is currently experimental. Configuration may
change without deprecation in the future.

Sets the QUIC max_idle_timeout transport parameters in milliseconds for
frontends which determines the period of time after which a connection silently
closes if it has remained inactive during an effective period of time deduced
from the two max_idle_timeout values announced by the two endpoints:
  - the minimum of the two values if both are not null,
  - the maximum if only one of them is not null,
  - if both values are null, this feature is disabled.

The default value is 30000.

Warning: QUIC support in HAProxy is currently experimental. Configuration may
change without deprecation in the future.

Sets the QUIC initial_max_streams_bidi transport parameter for frontends.
This is the initial maximum number of bidirectional streams the remote peer
will be authorized to open. This determines the number of concurrent client
requests.

The default value is 100.

Warning: QUIC support in HAProxy is currently experimental. Configuration may
change without deprecation in the future.

Dynamically enables the Retry feature for all the configured QUIC listeners
as soon as this number of half open connections is reached. A half open
connection is a connection whose handshake has not already successfully
completed or failed. To be functional this setting needs a cluster secret to
be set, if not it will be silently ignored (see "cluster-secret" setting).
This setting will be also silently ignored if the use of QUIC Retry was
forced (see "quic-force-retry").

The default value is 100.

See https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9000.html#section-8.1.2 for more
information about QUIC retry.

Forces the kernel socket receive buffer size on the client or the server side
to the specified value in bytes. This value applies to all TCP/HTTP frontends
and backends. It should normally never be set, and the default size (0) lets
the kernel auto-tune this value depending on the amount of available memory.
However it can sometimes help to set it to very low values (e.g. 4096) in
order to save kernel memory by preventing it from buffering too large amounts
of received data. Lower values will significantly increase CPU usage though.

HAProxy uses some hints to detect that a short read indicates the end of the
socket buffers. One of them is that a read returns more than <recv_enough>
bytes, which defaults to 10136 (7 segments of 1448 each). This default value
may be changed by this setting to better deal with workloads involving lots
of short messages such as telnet or SSH sessions.

Sets the maximum amount of task that can be processed at once when running
tasks. The default value depends on the number of threads but sits between 35
and 280, which tend to show the highest request rates and lowest latencies.
Increasing it may incur latency when dealing with I/Os, making it too small
can incur extra overhead. Higher thread counts benefit from lower values.
When experimenting with much larger values, it may be useful to also enable
tune.sched.low-latency and possibly tune.fd.edge-triggered to limit the
maximum latency to the lowest possible.

Enables ('on') or disables ('off') the low-latency task scheduler. By default
HAProxy processes tasks from several classes one class at a time as this is
the most efficient. But when running with large values of tune.runqueue-depth
this can have a measurable effect on request or connection latency. When this
low-latency setting is enabled, tasks of lower priority classes will always
be executed before other ones if they exist. This will permit to lower the
maximum latency experienced by new requests or connections in the middle of
massive traffic, at the expense of a higher impact on this large traffic.
For regular usage it is better to leave this off. The default value is off.

Forces the kernel socket send buffer size on the client or the server side to
the specified value in bytes. This value applies to all TCP/HTTP frontends
and backends. It should normally never be set, and the default size (0) lets
the kernel auto-tune this value depending on the amount of available memory.
However it can sometimes help to set it to very low values (e.g. 4096) in
order to save kernel memory by preventing it from buffering too large amounts
of received data. Lower values will significantly increase CPU usage though.
Another use case is to prevent write timeouts with extremely slow clients due
to the kernel waiting for a large part of the buffer to be read before
notifying HAProxy again.

Sets the size of the global SSL session cache, in a number of blocks. A block
is large enough to contain an encoded session without peer certificate.  An
encoded session with peer certificate is stored in multiple blocks depending
on the size of the peer certificate. A block uses approximately 200 bytes of
memory (based on `sizeof(struct sh_ssl_sess_hdr) + SHSESS_BLOCK_MIN_SIZE`
calculation used for `shctx_init` function). The default value may be forced
at build time, otherwise defaults to 20000. When the cache is full, the most
idle entries are purged and reassigned. Higher values reduce the occurrence
of such a purge, hence the number of CPU-intensive SSL handshakes by ensuring
that all users keep their session as long as possible. All entries are
pre-allocated upon startup. Setting this value to 0 disables the SSL session
cache.

Sets the maximum size of the buffer used for capturing client hello cipher
list, extensions list, elliptic curves list and elliptic curve point
formats. If the value is 0 (default value) the capture is disabled,
otherwise a buffer is allocated for each SSL/TLS connection.

Sets the maximum size of the Diffie-Hellman parameters used for generating
the ephemeral/temporary Diffie-Hellman key in case of DHE key exchange. The
final size will try to match the size of the server's RSA (or DSA) key (e.g,
a 2048 bits temporary DH key for a 2048 bits RSA key), but will not exceed
this maximum value. Only 1024 or higher values are allowed. Higher values
will increase the CPU load, and values greater than 1024 bits are not
supported by Java 7 and earlier clients. This value is not used if static
Diffie-Hellman parameters are supplied either directly in the certificate
file or by using the ssl-dh-param-file parameter.
If there is neither a default-dh-param nor a ssl-dh-param-file defined, and
if the server's PEM file of a given frontend does not specify its own DH
parameters, then DHE ciphers will be unavailable for this frontend.

This option disables SSL session cache sharing between all processes. It
should normally not be used since it will force many renegotiations due to
clients hitting a random process. But it may be required on some operating
systems where none of the SSL cache synchronization method may be used. In
this case, adding a first layer of hash-based load balancing before the SSL
layer might limit the impact of the lack of session sharing.

Sets the maximum amount of bytes passed to SSL_write() at any time. Default
value 0 means there is no limit. In contrast to tune.ssl.maxrecord this
settings will not be adjusted dynamically. Smaller records may decrease
throughput, but may be required when dealing with low-footprint clients.

This option activates the logging of the TLS keys. It should be used with
care as it will consume more memory per SSL session and could decrease
performances. This is disabled by default.

These sample fetches should be used to generate the SSLKEYLOGFILE that is
required to decipher traffic with wireshark.

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Projects/NSS/Key_Log_Format

The SSLKEYLOG is a series of lines which are formatted this way:

  <Label> <space> <ClientRandom> <space> <Secret>

The ClientRandom is provided by the %[ssl_fc_client_random,hex] sample
fetch, the secret and the Label could be find in the array below. You need
to generate a SSLKEYLOGFILE with all the labels in this array.

The following sample fetches are hexadecimal strings and does not need to be
converted.

SSLKEYLOGFILE Label             |  Sample fetches for the Secrets
--------------------------------|-----------------------------------------
CLIENT_EARLY_TRAFFIC_SECRET     |  %[ssl_fc_client_early_traffic_secret]
CLIENT_HANDSHAKE_TRAFFIC_SECRET |  %[ssl_fc_client_handshake_traffic_secret]
SERVER_HANDSHAKE_TRAFFIC_SECRET |  %[ssl_fc_server_handshake_traffic_secret]
CLIENT_TRAFFIC_SECRET_0         |  %[ssl_fc_client_traffic_secret_0]
SERVER_TRAFFIC_SECRET_0         |  %[ssl_fc_server_traffic_secret_0]
EXPORTER_SECRET                 |  %[ssl_fc_exporter_secret]
EARLY_EXPORTER_SECRET           |  %[ssl_fc_early_exporter_secret]

This is only available with OpenSSL 1.1.1, and useful with TLS1.3 session.

If you want to generate the content of a SSLKEYLOGFILE with TLS < 1.3, you
only need this line:

"CLIENT_RANDOM %[ssl_fc_client_random,hex] %[ssl_fc_session_key,hex]"

Sets how long a cached SSL session may remain valid. This time is expressed
in seconds and defaults to 300 (5 min). It is important to understand that it
does not guarantee that sessions will last that long, because if the cache is
full, the longest idle sessions will be purged despite their configured
lifetime. The real usefulness of this setting is to prevent sessions from
being used for too long.

Sets the maximum amount of bytes passed to SSL_write() at the beginning of
the data transfer. Default value 0 means there is no limit. Over SSL/TLS,
the client can decipher the data only once it has received a full record.
With large records, it means that clients might have to download up to 16kB
of data before starting to process them. Limiting the value can improve page
load times on browsers located over high latency or low bandwidth networks.
It is suggested to find optimal values which fit into 1 or 2 TCP segments
(generally 1448 bytes over Ethernet with TCP timestamps enabled, or 1460 when
timestamps are disabled), keeping in mind that SSL/TLS add some overhead.
Typical values of 1419 and 2859 gave good results during tests. Use
"strace -e trace=write" to find the best value. HAProxy will automatically
switch to this setting after an idle stream has been detected (see
tune.idletimer above). See also tune.ssl.hard-maxrecord.

Sets the size of the cache used to store generated certificates to <number>
entries. This is a LRU cache. Because generating a SSL certificate
dynamically is expensive, they are cached. The default cache size is set to
1000 entries.

These five tunes help to manage the maximum amount of memory used by the
variables system. "global" limits the overall amount of memory available for
all scopes. "proc" limits the memory for the process scope, "sess" limits the
memory for the session scope, "txn" for the transaction scope, and "reqres"
limits the memory for each request or response processing.
Memory accounting is hierarchical, meaning more coarse grained limits include
the finer grained ones: "proc" includes "sess", "sess" includes "txn", and
"txn" includes "reqres".

For example, when "tune.vars.sess-max-size" is limited to 100,
"tune.vars.txn-max-size" and "tune.vars.reqres-max-size" cannot exceed
100 either. If we create a variable "txn.var" that contains 100 bytes,
all available space is consumed.
Notice that exceeding the limits at runtime will not result in an error
message, but values might be cut off or corrupted. So make sure to accurately
plan for the amount of space needed to store all your variables.

Sets the memLevel parameter in zlib initialization for each session. It
defines how much memory should be allocated for the internal compression
state. A value of 1 uses minimum memory but is slow and reduces compression
ratio, a value of 9 uses maximum memory for optimal speed. Can be a value
between 1 and 9. The default value is 8.

Sets the window size (the size of the history buffer) as a parameter of the
zlib initialization for each session. Larger values of this parameter result
in better compression at the expense of memory usage. Can be a value between
8 and 15. The default value is 15.

Do not display any message during startup. It is equivalent to the command-
line argument "-q".

When this option is set, HAProxy will refuse to start if any warning was
emitted while processing the configuration. It is highly recommended to set
this option on configurations that are not changed often, as it helps detect
subtle mistakes and keep the configuration clean and forward-compatible. Note
that "haproxy -c" will also report errors in such a case. This option is
equivalent to command line argument "-dW".

It is possible to control access to frontend/backend/listen sections or to
http stats by allowing only authenticated and authorized users. To do this,
it is required to create at least one userlist and to define users.

Creates new userlist with name <listname>. Many independent userlists can be
used to store authentication & authorization data for independent customers.

Adds group <groupname> to the current userlist. It is also possible to
attach users to this group by using a comma separated list of names
proceeded by "users" keyword.

Adds user <username> to the current userlist. Both secure (encrypted) and
insecure (unencrypted) passwords can be used. Encrypted passwords are
evaluated using the crypt(3) function, so depending on the system's
capabilities, different algorithms are supported. For example, modern Glibc
based Linux systems support MD5, SHA-256, SHA-512, and, of course, the
classic DES-based method of encrypting passwords.

Attention: Be aware that using encrypted passwords might cause significantly
increased CPU usage, depending on the number of requests, and the algorithm
used. For any of the hashed variants, the password for each request must
be processed through the chosen algorithm, before it can be compared to the
value specified in the config file. Most current algorithms are deliberately
designed to be expensive to compute to achieve resistance against brute
force attacks. They do not simply salt/hash the clear text password once,
but thousands of times. This can quickly become a major factor in HAProxy's
overall CPU consumption!

userlist L1
  group G1 users tiger,scott
  group G2 users xdb,scott

  user tiger password $6$k6y3o.eP$JlKBx9za9667qe4(...)xHSwRv6J.C0/D7cV91
  user scott insecure-password elgato
  user xdb insecure-password hello

userlist L2
  group G1
  group G2

  user tiger password $6$k6y3o.eP$JlKBx(...)xHSwRv6J.C0/D7cV91 groups G1
  user scott insecure-password elgato groups G1,G2
  user xdb insecure-password hello groups G2

Please note that both lists are functionally identical.

It is possible to propagate entries of any data-types in stick-tables between
several HAProxy instances over TCP connections in a multi-master fashion. Each
instance pushes its local updates and insertions to remote peers. The pushed
values overwrite remote ones without aggregation. As an exception, the data
type "conn_cur" is never learned from peers, as it is supposed to reflect local
values. Earlier versions used to synchronize it and to cause negative values in
active-active setups, and always-growing values upon reloads or active-passive
switches because the local value would reflect more connections than locally
present. This information, however, is pushed so that monitoring systems can
watch it.

Interrupted exchanges are automatically detected and recovered from the last
known point. In addition, during a soft restart, the old process connects to
the new one using such a TCP connection to push all its entries before the new
process tries to connect to other peers. That ensures very fast replication
during a reload, it typically takes a fraction of a second even for large
tables.

Note that Server IDs are used to identify servers remotely, so it is important
that configurations look similar or at least that the same IDs are forced on
each server on all participants.

Creates a new peer list with name <peersect>. It is an independent section,
which is referenced by one or more stick-tables.

Defines the binding parameters of the local peer of this "peers" section.
Such lines are not supported with "peer" line in the same "peers" section.

Disables a peers section. It disables both listening and any synchronization
related to this section. This is provided to disable synchronization of stick
tables without having to comment out all "peers" references.

Defines the binding parameters for the local peer, excepted its address.

Change default options for a server in a "peers" section.

<param*>  is a list of parameters for this server. The "default-server
This keyword is available in sections :
Peers
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference"
          keyword accepts an important number of options and has a complete
          section dedicated to it. In a peers section, the transport
          parameters of a "default-server
This keyword is available in sections :
Peers
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" line are supported. Please refer
          to section 5 for more details, and the "server
This keyword is available in sections :
Peers
Rings
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" keyword below in
          this section for some of the restrictions.

This re-enables a peers section which was previously disabled via the
"disabled
This keyword is available in sections :
Peers
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference
Server and default-server options" keyword.

"peers" sections support the same "log
This keyword is available in sections :
Process management and security
Log forwarding
Peers
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" keyword as for the proxies to
log information about the "peers" listener. See "log
This keyword is available in sections :
Process management and security
Log forwarding
Peers
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" option for proxies for
more details.

Defines a peer inside a peers section.
If <peername> is set to the local peer name (by default hostname, or forced
using "-L" command line option or "localpeer" global configuration setting),
HAProxy will listen for incoming remote peer connection on <ip>:<port>.
Otherwise, <ip>:<port> defines where to connect to in order to join the
remote peer, and <peername> is used at the protocol level to identify and
validate the remote peer on the server side.

During a soft restart, local peer <ip>:<port> is used by the old instance to
connect the new one and initiate a complete replication (teaching process).

It is strongly recommended to have the exact same peers declaration on all
peers and to only rely on the "-L" command line argument or the "localpeer"
global configuration setting to change the local peer name. This makes it
easier to maintain coherent configuration files across all peers.

You may want to reference some environment variables in the address
parameter, see section 2.3 about environment variables.

Note: "peer" keyword may transparently be replaced by "server
This keyword is available in sections :
Peers
Rings
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" keyword (see
"server
This keyword is available in sections :
Peers
Rings
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" keyword explanation below).

As previously mentioned, "peer" keyword may be replaced by "server
This keyword is available in sections :
Peers
Rings
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" keyword
with a support for all "server
This keyword is available in sections :
Peers
Rings
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" parameters found in 5.2 paragraph that are
related to transport settings. If the underlying peer is local, <ip>:<port>
parameters must not be present; these parameters must be provided on a "bind
This keyword is available in sections :
Log forwarding
Peers
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference"
line (see "bind
This keyword is available in sections :
Log forwarding
Peers
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" keyword of this "peers" section).

A number of "server
This keyword is available in sections :
Peers
Rings
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" parameters are irrelevant for "peers" sections. Peers by
nature do not support dynamic host name resolution nor health checks, hence
parameters like "init_addr", "resolvers
This keyword is available in sections :
Server and default-server options
The resolvers section", "check", "agent-check", or "track"
are not supported. Similarly, there is no load balancing nor stickiness, thus
parameters such as "weight" or "cookie
This keyword is available in sections :
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference
Server and default-server options
Fetching HTTP samples (Layer 7)" have no effect.

 # The old way.
 peers mypeers
     peer haproxy1 192.168.0.1:1024
     peer haproxy2 192.168.0.2:1024
     peer haproxy3 10.2.0.1:1024

 backend mybackend
     mode tcp
     balance roundrobin
     stick-table type ip size 20k peers mypeers
     stick on src

     server srv1 192.168.0.30:80
     server srv2 192.168.0.31:80

Example:
  peers mypeers
     bind 192.168.0.1:1024 ssl crt mycerts/pem
     default-server ssl verify none
     server haproxy1 #local peer
     server haproxy2 192.168.0.2:1024
     server haproxy3 10.2.0.1:1024

Configure a stickiness table for the current section. This line is parsed
exactly the same way as the "stick-table" keyword in others section, except
for the "peers" argument which is not required here and with an additional
mandatory first parameter to designate the stick-table. Contrary to others
sections, there may be several "table" lines in "peers" sections (see also
"stick-table" keyword).

Also be aware of the fact that "peers" sections have their own stick-table
namespaces to avoid collisions between stick-table names identical in
different "peers" section. This is internally handled prepending the "peers"
sections names to the name of the stick-tables followed by a '/' character.
If somewhere else in the configuration file you have to refer to such
stick-tables declared in "peers" sections you must use the prefixed version
of the stick-table name as follows:

    peers mypeers
        peer A ...
        peer B ...
        table t1 ...

    frontend fe1
        tcp-request content track-sc0 src table mypeers/t1

This is also this prefixed version of the stick-table names which must be
used to refer to stick-tables through the CLI.

About "peers" protocol, as only "peers" belonging to the same section may
communicate with each others, there is no need to do such a distinction.
Several "peers" sections may declare stick-tables with the same name.
This is shorter version of the stick-table name  which is sent over the network.
There is only a '/' character as prefix to avoid stick-table name collisions between
stick-tables declared as backends and stick-table declared in "peers" sections
as follows in this weird but supported configuration:

    peers mypeers
        peer A ...
        peer B ...
        table t1 type string size 10m store gpc0

    backend t1
        stick-table type string size 10m store gpc0 peers mypeers

Here "t1" table declared in "mypeers" section has "mypeers/t1" as global name.
"t1" table declared as a backend as "t1" as global name. But at peer protocol
level the former table is named "/t1", the latter is again named "t1".

It is possible to send email alerts when the state of servers changes.
If configured email alerts are sent to each mailer that is configured
in a mailers section. Email is sent to mailers using SMTP.

Creates a new mailer list with the name <mailersect>. It is an
independent section which is referenced by one or more proxies.

Defines a mailer inside a mailers section.

mailers mymailers
    mailer smtp1 192.168.0.1:587
    mailer smtp2 192.168.0.2:587

backend mybackend
    mode tcp
    balance roundrobin

    email-alert mailers mymailers
    email-alert from test1@horms.org
    email-alert to test2@horms.org

    server srv1 192.168.0.30:80
    server srv2 192.168.0.31:80

Defines the time available for a mail/connection to be made and send to
the mail-server. If not defined the default value is 10 seconds. To allow
for at least two SYN-ACK packets to be send during initial TCP handshake it
is advised to keep this value above 4 seconds.

mailers mymailers
    timeout mail 20s
    mailer smtp1 192.168.0.1:587

In master-worker mode, it is possible to launch external binaries with the
master, these processes are called programs. These programs are launched and
managed the same way as the workers.

During a reload of HAProxy, those processes are dealing with the same
sequence as a worker:

  - the master is re-executed
  - the master sends a SIGUSR1 signal to the program
  - if "option start-on-reload" is not disabled, the master launches a new
    instance of the program

During a stop, or restart, a SIGTERM is sent to the programs.

This is a new program section, this section will create an instance <name>
which is visible in "show proc" on the master CLI. (See "9.4. Master CLI" in
the management guide).

Define the command to start with optional arguments. The command is looked
up in the current PATH if it does not include an absolute path. This is a
mandatory option of the program section. Arguments containing spaces must
be enclosed in quotes or double quotes or be prefixed by a backslash.

Changes the executed command user ID to the <user name> from /etc/passwd.
See also "group
This keyword is available in sections :
Process management and security
Userlists
Programs
Bind options".

Changes the executed command group ID to the <group name> from /etc/group.
See also "user
This keyword is available in sections :
Process management and security
Userlists
Programs
Bind options".

Start (or not) a new instance of the program upon a reload of the master.
The default is to start a new instance. This option may only be used in a
program section.

It is possible to globally declare several groups of HTTP errors, to be
imported afterwards in any proxy section. Same group may be referenced at
several places and can be fully or partially imported.

Create a new http-errors group with the name <name>. It is an independent
section that may be referenced by one or more proxies using its name.

Associate a file contents to an HTTP error code

<code>    is the HTTP status code. Currently, HAProxy is capable of
          generating codes 200, 400, 401, 403, 404, 405, 407, 408, 410,
          425, 429, 500, 501, 502, 503, and 504.

<file>    designates a file containing the full HTTP response. It is
          recommended to follow the common practice of appending ".http" to
          the filename so that people do not confuse the response with HTML
          error pages, and to use absolute paths, since files are read
          before any chroot is performed.

Please referrers to "errorfile
This keyword is available in sections :
HTTP-errors
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" keyword in section 4 for details.

http-errors website-1
    errorfile 400 /etc/haproxy/errorfiles/site1/400.http
    errorfile 404 /etc/haproxy/errorfiles/site1/404.http
    errorfile 408 /dev/null  # work around Chrome pre-connect bug

http-errors website-2
    errorfile 400 /etc/haproxy/errorfiles/site2/400.http
    errorfile 404 /etc/haproxy/errorfiles/site2/404.http
    errorfile 408 /dev/null  # work around Chrome pre-connect bug

It is possible to globally declare ring-buffers, to be used as target for log
servers or traces.

Creates a new ring-buffer with name <ringname>.

This replaces the regular memory allocation by a RAM-mapped file to store the
ring. This can be useful for collecting traces or logs for post-mortem
analysis, without having to attach a slow client to the CLI. Newer contents
will automatically replace older ones so that the latest contents are always
available. The contents written to the ring will be visible in that file once
the process stops (most often they will even be seen very soon after but
there is no such guarantee since writes are not synchronous).

When this option is used, the total storage area is reduced by the size of
the "struct ring" that starts at the beginning of the area, and that is
required to recover the area's contents. The file will be created with the
starting user's ownership, with mode 0600 and will be of the size configured
by the "size" directive. When the directive is parsed (thus even during
config checks), any existing non-empty file will first be renamed with the
extra suffix ".bak", and any previously existing file with suffix ".bak" will
be removed. This ensures that instant reload or restart of the process will
not wipe precious debugging information, and will leave time for an admin to
spot this new ".bak" file and to archive it if needed. As such, after a crash
the file designated by <path> will contain the freshest information, and if
the service is restarted, the "<path>.bak" file will have it instead. This
means that the total storage capacity required will be double of the ring
size. Failures to rotate the file are silently ignored, so placing the file
into a directory without write permissions will be sufficient to avoid the
backup file if not desired.

WARNING: there are stability and security implications in using this feature.
First, backing the ring to a slow device (e.g. physical hard drive) may cause
perceptible slowdowns during accesses, and possibly even panics if too many
threads compete for accesses. Second, an external process modifying the area
could cause the haproxy process to crash or to overwrite some of its own
memory with traces. Third, if the file system fills up before the ring,
writes to the ring may cause the process to crash.

The information present in this ring are structured and are NOT directly
readable using a text editor (even though most of it looks barely readable).
The output of this file is only intended for developers.

The description is an optional description string of the ring. It will
appear on CLI. By default, <name> is reused to fill this field.

Format used to store events into the ring buffer.

<format> is the log format used when generating syslog messages. It may be
         one of the following :

  iso     A message containing only the ISO date, followed by the text.
          The PID, process name and system name are omitted. This is
          designed to be used with a local log server.

  local   Analog to rfc3164 syslog message format except that hostname
          field is stripped. This is the default.
          Note: option "log-send-hostname" switches the default to
          rfc3164.

  raw     A message containing only the text. The level, PID, date, time,
          process name and system name are omitted. This is designed to be
          used in containers or during development, where the severity
          only depends on the file descriptor used (stdout/stderr). This
          is the default.

  rfc3164 The RFC3164 syslog message format.
          (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3164)

  rfc5424 The RFC5424 syslog message format.
          (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5424)

  short   A message containing only a level between angle brackets such as
          '<3>', followed by the text. The PID, date, time, process name
          and system name are omitted. This is designed to be used with a
          local log server. This format is compatible with what the systemd
          logger consumes.

 priority A message containing only a level plus syslog facility between angle
          brackets such as '<63>', followed by the text. The PID, date, time,
          process name and system name are omitted. This is designed to be used
          with a local log server.

  timed   A message containing only a level between angle brackets such as
          '<3>', followed by ISO date and by the text. The PID, process
          name and system name are omitted. This is designed to be
          used with a local log server.

The maximum length of an event message stored into the ring,
including formatted header. If an event message is longer than
<length>, it will be truncated to this length.

Used to configure a syslog tcp server to forward messages from ring buffer.
This supports for all "server
This keyword is available in sections :
Peers
Rings
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" parameters found in 5.2 paragraph. Some of
these parameters are irrelevant for "ring" sections. Important point: there
is little reason to add more than one server to a ring, because all servers
will receive the exact same copy of the ring contents, and as such the ring
will progress at the speed of the slowest server. If one server does not
respond, it will prevent old messages from being purged and may block new
messages from being inserted into the ring. The proper way to send messages
to multiple servers is to use one distinct ring per log server, not to
attach multiple servers to the same ring. Note that specific server directive
"log-proto" is used to set the protocol used to send messages.

This is the optional size in bytes for the ring-buffer. Default value is
set to BUFSIZE.

Set the maximum time to wait for a connection attempt to a server to succeed.

<timeout> is the timeout value specified in milliseconds by default, but
          can be in any other unit if the number is suffixed by the unit,
          as explained at the top of this document.

Set the maximum time for pending data staying into output buffer.

<timeout> is the timeout value specified in milliseconds by default, but
          can be in any other unit if the number is suffixed by the unit,
          as explained at the top of this document.

global
    log ring@myring local7

ring myring
    description "My local buffer"
    format rfc3164
    maxlen 1200
    size 32764
    timeout connect 5s
    timeout server 10s
    server mysyslogsrv 127.0.0.1:6514 log-proto octet-count

It is possible to declare one or multiple log forwarding section,
HAProxy will forward all received log messages to a log servers list.

Creates a new log forwarder proxy identified as <name>.

Give hints to the system about the approximate listen backlog desired size
on connections accept.

Used to configure a stream log listener to receive messages to forward.
This supports the "bind
This keyword is available in sections :
Log forwarding
Peers
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" parameters found in 5.1 paragraph including
those about ssl but some statements such as "alpn
This keyword is available in sections :
Bind options
Server and default-server options" may be irrelevant for
syslog protocol over TCP.
Those listeners support both "Octet Counting" and "Non-Transparent-Framing"
modes as defined in rfc-6587.

Used to configure a datagram log listener to receive messages to forward.
Addresses must be in IPv4 or IPv6 form,followed by a port. This supports
for some of the "bind
This keyword is available in sections :
Log forwarding
Peers
Alphabetically sorted keywords reference" parameters found in 5.1 paragraph among which
"interface", "namespace
This keyword is available in sections :
Bind options
Server and default-server options" or "transparent", the other ones being
silently ignored as irrelevant for UDP/syslog case.

Used to configure target log servers. See more details on proxies
documentation.
If no format specified, HAProxy tries to keep the incoming log format.
Configured facility is ignored, except if incoming message does not
present a facility but one is mandatory on the outgoing format.
If there is no timestamp available in the input format, but the field
exists in output format, HAProxy will use the local date.

global
   log stderr format iso local7

ring myring
    description "My local buffer"
    format rfc5424
    maxlen 1200
    size 32764
    timeout connect 5s
    timeout server 10s
    # syslog tcp server
    server mysyslogsrv 127.0.0.1:514 log-proto octet-count

log-forward sylog-loadb
    dgram-bind 127.0.0.1:1514
    bind 127.0.0.1:1514
    # all messages on stderr
    log global
    # all messages on local tcp syslog server
    log ring@myring local0
    # load balance messages on 4 udp syslog servers
    log 127.0.0.1:10001 sample 1:4 local0
    log 127.0.0.1:10002 sample 2:4 local0
    log 127.0.0.1:10003 sample 3:4 local0
    log 127.0.0.1:10004 sample 4:4 local0

Fix the maximum number of concurrent connections on a log forwarder.
10 is the default.

Set the maximum inactivity time on the client side.

Proxy configuration can be located in a set of sections :
 - defaults [<name>] [ from <defaults_name> ]
 - frontend <name>   [ from <defaults_name> ]
 - backend  <name>   [ from <defaults_name> ]
 - listen   <name>   [ from <defaults_name> ]

A "frontend" section describes a set of listening sockets accepting client
connections.

A "backend" section describes a set of servers to which the proxy will connect
to forward incoming connections.

A "listen" section defines a complete proxy with its frontend and backend
parts combined in one section. It is generally useful for TCP-only traffic.

A "defaults" section resets all settings to the documented ones and presets new
ones for use by subsequent sections. All of "frontend", "backend" and "listen"
sections always take their initial settings from a defaults section, by default
the latest one that appears before the newly created section. It is possible to
explicitly designate a specific "defaults" section to load the initial settings
from by indicating its name on the section line after the optional keyword
"from". While "defaults" section do not impose a name, this use is encouraged
for better readability. It is also the only way to designate a specific section
to use instead of the default previous one. Since "defaults" section names are
optional, by default a very permissive check is applied on their name and these
are even permitted to overlap. However if a "defaults" section is referenced by
any other section, its name must comply with the syntax imposed on all proxy
names, and this name must be unique among the defaults sections. Please note
that regardless of what is currently permitted, it is recommended to avoid
duplicate section names in general and to respect the same syntax as for proxy
names. This rule might be enforced in a future version. In addition, a warning
is emitted if a defaults section is explicitly used by a proxy while it is also
implicitly used by another one because it is the last one defined. It is highly
encouraged to not mix both usages by always using explicit references or by
adding a last common defaults section reserved for all implicit uses.

Note that it is even possible for a defaults section to take its initial
settings from another one, and as such, inherit settings across multiple levels
of defaults sections. This can be convenient to establish certain configuration
profiles to carry groups of default settings (e.g. TCP vs HTTP or short vs long
timeouts) but can quickly become confusing to follow.

All proxy names must be formed from upper and lower case letters, digits,
'-' (dash), '_' (underscore) , '.' (dot) and ':' (colon). ACL names are
case-sensitive, which means that "www" and "WWW" are two different proxies.

Historically, all proxy names could overlap, it just caused troubles in the
logs. Since the introduction of content switching, it is mandatory that two
proxies with overlapping capabilities (frontend/backend) have different names.
However, it is still permitted that a frontend and a backend share the same
name, as this configuration seems to be commonly encountered.

Right now, two major proxy modes are supported : "tcp", also known as layer 4,
and "http", also known as layer 7. In layer 4 mode, HAProxy simply forwards
bidirectional traffic between two sides. In layer 7 mode, HAProxy analyzes the
protocol, and can interact with it by allowing, blocking, switching, adding,
modifying, or removing arbitrary contents in requests or responses, based on
arbitrary criteria.

In HTTP mode, the processing applied to requests and responses flowing over
a connection depends in the combination of the frontend's HTTP options and
the backend's. HAProxy supports 3 connection modes :

  - KAL : keep alive ("option http-keep-alive") which is the default mode : all
    requests and responses are processed, and connections remain open but idle
    between responses and new requests.

  - SCL: server close ("option http-server-close") : the server-facing
    connection is closed after the end of the response is received, but the
    client-facing connection remains open.

  - CLO: close ("option httpclose"): the connection is closed after the end of
    the response and "Connection: close" appended in both directions.

The effective mode that will be applied to a connection passing through a
frontend and a backend can be determined by both proxy modes according to the
following matrix, but in short, the modes are symmetric, keep-alive is the
weakest option and close is the strongest.

                   Backend mode

                | KAL | SCL | CLO
            ----+-----+-----+----
            KAL | KAL | SCL | CLO
            ----+-----+-----+----
   mode     SCL | SCL | SCL | CLO
            ----+-----+-----+----
            CLO | CLO | CLO | CLO

It is possible to chain a TCP frontend to an HTTP backend. It is pointless if
only HTTP traffic is handled. But it may be used to handle several protocols
within the same frontend. In this case, the client's connection is first handled
as a raw tcp connection before being upgraded to HTTP. Before the upgrade, the
content processings are performend on raw data. Once upgraded, data is parsed
and stored using an internal representation called HTX and it is no longer
possible to rely on raw representation. There is no way to go back.

There are two kind of upgrades, in-place upgrades and destructive upgrades. The
first ones involves a TCP to HTTP/1 upgrade. In HTTP/1, the request
processings are serialized, thus the applicative stream can be preserved. The
second one involves a TCP to HTTP/2 upgrade. Because it is a multiplexed
protocol, the applicative stream cannot be associated to any HTTP/2 stream and
is destroyed. New applicative streams are then created when HAProxy receives
new HTTP/2 streams at the lower level, in the H2 multiplexer. It is important
to understand this difference because that drastically changes the way to
process data. When an HTTP/1 upgrade is performed, the content processings
already performed on raw data are neither lost nor reexecuted while for an
HTTP/2 upgrade, applicative streams are distinct and all frontend rules are
evaluated systematically on each one. And as said, the first stream, the TCP
one, is destroyed, but only after the frontend rules were evaluated.

There is another importnat point to understand when HTTP processings are
performed from a TCP proxy. While HAProxy is able to parse HTTP/1 in-fly from
tcp-request content rules, it is not possible for HTTP/2. Only the HTTP/2
preface can be parsed. This is a huge limitation regarding the HTTP content
analysis in TCP. Concretely it is only possible to know if received data are
HTTP. For instance, it is not possible to choose a backend based on the Host
header value while it is trivial in HTTP/1. Hopefully, there is a solution to
mitigate this drawback.

There are two ways to perform an HTTP upgrade. The first one, the historical
method, is to select an HTTP backend. The upgrade happens when the backend is
set. Thus, for in-place upgrades, only the backend configuration is considered
in the HTTP data processing. For destructive upgrades, the applicative stream
is destroyed, thus its processing is stopped. With this method, possibilities
to choose a backend with an HTTP/2 connection are really limited, as mentioned
above, and a bit useless because the stream is destroyed. The second method is
to upgrade during the tcp-request content rules evaluation, thanks to the
"switch-mode http" action. In this case, the upgrade is performed in the
frontend context and it is possible to define HTTP directives in this
frontend. For in-place upgrades, it offers all the power of the HTTP analysis
as soon as possible. It is not that far from an HTTP frontend. For destructive
upgrades, it does not change anything except it is useless to choose a backend
on limited information. It is of course the recommended method. Thus, testing
the request protocol from the tcp-request content rules to perform an HTTP
upgrade is enough. All the remaining HTTP manipulation may be moved to the
frontend http-request ruleset. But keep in mind that tcp-request content rules
remains evaluated on each streams, that can't be changed.

The following list of keywords is supported. Most of them may only be used in a
limited set of section types. Some of them are marked as "deprecated" because
they are inherited from an old syntax which may be confusing or functionally
limited, and there are new recommended keywords to replace them. Keywords
marked with "(*)" can be optionally inverted using the "no" prefix, e.g. "no
option contstats". This makes sense when the option has been enabled by default
and must be disabled for a specific instance. Such options may also be prefixed
with "default" in order to restore default settings regardless of what has been
specified in a previous "defaults" section. Keywords supported in defaults
sections marked with "(!)" are only supported in named defaults sections, not
anonymous ones.

keyword	defaults	frontend	listen	backend
acl	X (!)
backlog
balance
bind
bind-process
capture cookie
capture request header
capture response header
clitcpka-cnt
clitcpka-idle
clitcpka-intvl
compression
cookie
declare capture
default-server
default_backend
description
disabled
dispatch
email-alert from
keyword	defaults	frontend	listen	backend
email-alert level
email-alert mailers
email-alert myhostname
email-alert to
enabled
errorfile
errorfiles
errorloc
errorloc302
errorloc303
error-log-format
force-persist
filter
fullconn
hash-type
http-after-response	X (!)
http-check comment
http-check connect
http-check disable-on-404
http-check expect
keyword	defaults	frontend	listen	backend
http-check send
http-check send-state
http-check set-var
http-check unset-var
http-error
http-request	X (!)
http-response	X (!)
http-reuse
http-send-name-header
id
ignore-persist
load-server-state-from-file
(*)log
log-format
log-format-sd
log-tag
max-keep-alive-queue
maxconn
mode
monitor fail
keyword	defaults	frontend	listen	backend
monitor-uri
(*)option abortonclose
(*)option accept-invalid-http-request
(*)option accept-invalid-http-response
(*)option allbackups
(*)option checkcache
(*)option clitcpka
(*)option contstats
(*)option disable-h2-upgrade
(*)option dontlog-normal
(*)option dontlognull
option forwardfor
(*)option h1-case-adjust-bogus-client
(*)option h1-case-adjust-bogus-server
(*)option http-buffer-request
(*)option http-ignore-probes
(*)option http-keep-alive
(*)option http-no-delay
(*)option http-pretend-keepalive
option http-restrict-req-hdr-names
keyword	defaults	frontend	listen	backend
(*)option http-server-close
(*)option http-use-proxy-header
option httpchk
(*)option httpclose
option httplog
option httpslog
(*)option independent-streams
option ldap-check
option external-check
(*)option log-health-checks
(*)option log-separate-errors
(*)option logasap
option mysql-check
(*)option nolinger
option originalto
(*)option persist
option pgsql-check
(*)option prefer-last-server
(*)option redispatch
option redis-check
keyword	defaults	frontend	listen	backend
option smtpchk
(*)option socket-stats
(*)option splice-auto
(*)option splice-request
(*)option splice-response
option spop-check
(*)option srvtcpka
option ssl-hello-chk
option tcp-check
(*)option tcp-smart-accept
(*)option tcp-smart-connect
option tcpka
option tcplog
(*)option transparent
(*)option idle-close-on-response
external-check command
external-check path
persist rdp-cookie
rate-limit sessions
redirect
keyword	defaults	frontend	listen	backend
retries
retry-on
server
server-state-file-name
server-template
source
srvtcpka-cnt
srvtcpka-idle
srvtcpka-intvl
stats admin
stats auth
stats enable
stats hide-version
stats http-request
stats realm
stats refresh
stats scope
stats show-desc
stats show-legends
stats show-node
keyword	defaults	frontend	listen	backend
stats uri
stick match
stick on
stick store-request
stick store-response
stick-table
tcp-check comment
tcp-check connect
tcp-check expect
tcp-check send
tcp-check send-lf
tcp-check send-binary
tcp-check send-binary-lf
tcp-check set-var
tcp-check unset-var
tcp-request connection	X (!)
tcp-request content	X (!)
tcp-request inspect-delay	X (!)
tcp-request session	X (!)
tcp-response content	X (!)
keyword	defaults	frontend	listen	backend
tcp-response inspect-delay	X (!)
timeout check
timeout client
timeout client-fin
timeout connect
timeout http-keep-alive
timeout http-request
timeout queue
timeout server
timeout server-fin
timeout tarpit
timeout tunnel
(deprecated)transparent
unique-id-format
unique-id-header
use_backend
use-fcgi-app
use-server